Water Quality and Upwelling at Grays Harbor Entrance

Pearson, Erman A.; Holt, George A.

doi:10.4319/lo.1960.5.1.0048

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…9a). The data from Grays Harbor, WA (Pearson and Holt, 1960) were similar to that observed in the majority of the recent data collected at Station Y1 (Fig. 9b).…”

Section: Comparison With Historical Data From the Inner Shelf And Othsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…9c). Years which had observations of low DO at relatively cool water temperatures in PNW estuaries are 1951e1957 (Grays Harbor; Pearson and Holt, 1960), 1960(Yaquina), 1964Haertel and Osterberg, 1967), 1968(Alsea, Siuslaw, Yaquina), 1975(Coos, Netarts), 2001e2007 (Yaquina), 2005, and 2008 (Siletz).…”

Section: Comparison With Historical Data From the Inner Shelf And Othmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historic and recent patterns of dissolved oxygen in the Yaquina Estuary (Oregon, USA): Importance of anthropogenic activities and oceanic conditions

Brown

Power

2011

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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Spatial and temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) in Yaquina Estuary, Oregon (USA) are examined using historic and recent data. There was a significant increasing trend in DO in the upstream portion of the estuary during the years 1960e1985. Historically, minimum dry season (MayeOctober) DO levels occurred about 20 km from the estuary mouth at warm water temperatures, near both point source discharges and where extensive log rafting occurred. Presently, there is a trend of increasing dry season DO with increasing distance from the mouth of the estuary. Minimum DO levels occur at cool water temperatures (w8 deg C), suggesting that recently upwelled oceanic water from the shelf is the source of the low DO water. Recent time-series data (2001e2007) demonstrates that the water advected into the estuary from the coastal ocean has DO levels < 5 mg l À1 about 13% of the time during the dry season and that water temperature is a good indicator of the oceanic source. Similarity in the flood-tide DO and water temperature relationship between recent time-series data in Yaquina and in historic data from other estuaries suggests that the hypoxic conditions observed off the Oregon coast since 2002 may have occurred previously, especially during the 1950'se1960's. It is important to characterize the natural background DO levels for estuaries in the region to be able to separate anthropogenic from natural influences on DO.

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“…9a). The data from Grays Harbor, WA (Pearson and Holt, 1960) were similar to that observed in the majority of the recent data collected at Station Y1 (Fig. 9b).…”

Section: Comparison With Historical Data From the Inner Shelf And Othsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Comparison With Historical Data From the Inner Shelf And Othmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historic and recent patterns of dissolved oxygen in the Yaquina Estuary (Oregon, USA): Importance of anthropogenic activities and oceanic conditions

Brown

Power

2011

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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“…to the coast (Trainer et al 2002). Hydrographic and biogeochemical links between upwelling dynamics and coastal estuaries have been found in a number of estuaries in Washington (Pearson and Holt 1960;Roegner et al 2002;Hickey et al 2002) and Oregon (Haertel et al 1969;de Angelis and Gordon 1985;Roegner and Shanks 2001;Colbert and McManus 2003;Hickey et al 2002;Fig. 11 Source ratio (CRW/COW) in relation to days relative to the spring transition.…”

Section: Regional Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Climatic and Tidal Forcing of Hydrography and Chlorophyll Concentrations in the Columbia River Estuary

Roegner

Seaton

Baptista

2010

Estuaries and Coasts

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Hydrographic patterns and chlorophyll concentrations in the Columbia River estuary were compared for spring and summer periods during 2004 through 2006. Riverine and oceanic sources of chlorophyll were evaluated at stations along a 27-km along-estuary transect in relation to time series of wind stress, river flow, and tidal stage. Patterns of chlorophyll concentration varied between seasons and years. In spring, the chlorophyll distribution was dominated by high concentrations from freshwater sources. Periods of increased stream flow limited riverine chlorophyll production. In summer, conversely, upwelling winds induced input of high-salinity water from the ocean to the estuary, and this water was often associated with relatively high chlorophyll concentrations. The frequency, duration, and intensity of upwelling events varied both seasonally and interannually, and this variation affected the timing and magnitude of coastally derived material imported to the estuary. The main source of chlorophyll thus varied from riverine in spring to coastal in summer. In both spring and summer seasons and among years, modulation of the spring/neap tidal cycle determined stratification, patterns of mixing, and the fate of (especially freshwater) phytoplankton. Spring tides had higher mixing and neap tides greater stratification, which affected the vertical distribution of chlorophyll. The Columbia River differs from the more tidally dominated coastal estuaries in the Pacific Northwest by its large riverine phytoplankton production and transfer of this biogenic material to the estuary and coastal ocean. However, all Pacific Northwest coastal estuaries investigated to date have exhibited advection of coastally derived chlorophyll during the upwelling season. This constitutes a fundamental difference between Pacific Northwest estuaries and systems not bounded by a coastal upwelling zone.

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“…Pearson and Holt (1960) attributed low DO concentrations of 3.5 mg/L in Grays Harbor, Wash., to such periodic upwelling, and the latest revision of the State water-use and water-quality criteria (State of Washington, 1977) also recognizes that naturally occurring low DO concentrations are associated with upwelling.…”

Section: Dissolved Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upwelling occurs on the west coast of most continents and is caused by winds displacing the surface layer of water, causing the deeper water to rise, or upwelL Upwelling on the Pacific coastal shelf has been recognized for many years (Hill, 1963;Pearson and Holt, 1960;Sverdrup, 1938;Sverdrup and others, 1961;and Stevenson and Gorsline, 1956). According to Gene Collias, chief scientist on the University of Washington oceanography research vessel "Brown Bear" (oral commun., 1976), late summer occurrence of upwelling is common along the coast of Washington and Oregon.…”

Section: Dissolved Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of water, Quillayute River basin, Washington

Fretwell¹

1984

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Water Quality and Upwelling at Grays Harbor Entrance

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Historic and recent patterns of dissolved oxygen in the Yaquina Estuary (Oregon, USA): Importance of anthropogenic activities and oceanic conditions

Historic and recent patterns of dissolved oxygen in the Yaquina Estuary (Oregon, USA): Importance of anthropogenic activities and oceanic conditions

Climatic and Tidal Forcing of Hydrography and Chlorophyll Concentrations in the Columbia River Estuary

Quality of water, Quillayute River basin, Washington

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