Dear Editor, Candida melibiosica is an unusual Candida species often isolated from rivers, oceans, and some traditional beers [1][2][3]. Human infection caused by this organism has never been described. We report a case of nosocomial fungemia by C. melibiosica in an intensive care unit (ICU) patient. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that C. melibiosica causes nosocomial fungemia and can act as a human pathogen. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (IRB CNUH-2014-290). A waiver of consent was granted as the study is retrospective in nature.In December 2010, an 82-year-old man was admitted to emergency room of Chonnam National University Hospital owing to altered mental status. He suffered from aspiration pneumonia and hypoxic brain damage due to asphyxia. He had no known underlying disease. The patient was diagnosed as having nosocomial fungemia because the same yeast was repeatedly isolated from blood cultures collected on days 12, 15, 17, 18, and 22 of his 39 days of hospital stay. Once transferred to the ICU on day 2, he was treated with tazobactam/piperacillin for 11 days, intravenous nutrition via central venous catheter (CVC) for 17 days, and mechanical ventilation for 38 days. On day 12, he developed an intermittent fever (temperature, 37.8-38.8°C) that persisted for 13 days. His leukocyte count and serum C-reactive protein level on day 12 were 14.5 × 10 9 /L (neutrophil count 12.9 × 10 9 /L) and 1,296.2 nmol/L, respectively. The blood cultures were performed using about 10 mL of peripheral blood (PB) or catheter-drawn blood (CB). Nine of the 10 blood culture sets obtained from days 12 (one PB and one CB), 15 (two PB), 17 (one PB and one CB), 18 (two PB), and 22 (one of two PBs) yielded yeast isolates with the same microscopic and colony morphological findings (Table 1). Fluconazole therapy (100 mg/day) was started on day 15, and the CVC was removed on day 18. A culture of the removed CVC tip was negative, and the blood culture became negative on day 27. The patient's condition improved, and he was transferred to another hospital.Two isolates obtained on days 12 and 17 of the patient's hospital stay were analyzed by sequencing of the large-subunit rRNA gene (D1-D2 region); BLAST search results indicated a