Water provisioning improvement through payment for ecosystem services

Sone, Jullian Souza; Gesualdo, Gabriela Chiquito; Zamboni, Pedro; Vieira, Nelson O.M.; Mattos, Tiago Souza; Carvalho, Glauber Altrão; Rodrigues, Dulce Buchala Bicca; Sobrinho, Teodorico Alves; Oliveira, Paulo Tarso Sanches de

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.319

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Absence of local hydrological monitoring: As with most of the water-related PES projects implemented in Brazil [14,45] and other countries in Latin America [8,46], Water Producer/PCJ started without baseline hydrological monitoring. When projects lack baseline data, calibration and validation of complex ecohydrological models are needed to explore FLR effectiveness through the simulation of scenarios [23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from the Water Producer Project in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Viani

Bracale²,

Taffarello

2019

Forests

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Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is a powerful strategy for large-scale tropical forest recovery, and payment for ecosystem services (PES) is used to support FLR programs and projects on privately-owned land. In this article, we discuss the lessons learned from the Water Producer Project, a pioneer, multiple-stakeholder, and PES-supported FLR project in the Atlantic Forest, south-eastern Brazil. The project was implemented in four landscapes located in two municipalities. Altogether, 41 PES contracts with landowners were signed, resulting in various FLR practices being implemented in a total of 342.4 ha (64.2 ha for riparian forest restoration, 90.8 ha for soil conservation, and 187.4 for forest conservation) of land, which represents 39% of the project goal. As of the end of the project, only 50% (USD 49,250) of the available PES funds had been spent. However, funds spent on project planning, implementation, communication, and monitoring were 12 times greater than those spent on PES. Several challenges restricted the progress and monitoring of the project. The main issue was landowner participation and/or engagement. In terms of lessons learned, we highlight that PES schemes are more complex than initially thought, and that sufficient funding does not guarantee the success of FLR projects. It is essential to promote landowner participation and engagement by considering them key players in FLR projects. Finally, acceptance from landowners was higher and implementation was easier for forest conservation practices that required no land-use changes. Thus, we suggest that similar future projects should focus on targeting private properties in marginal agricultural lands with a high probability of natural regeneration. Alternatively, future projects could focus on lands with remnant forest cover of high conservation value.

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confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from the Water Producer Project in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Viani

Bracale²,

Taffarello

2019

Forests

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“…One way to ensure the sustainability of the food production system and to maintain ecosystem services in the Pantanal biome is linked to effective soil management, which requires a reduction in soil erosion rates [60,61]. Some examples of techniques to prevent or reduce soil erosion are no-tillage, contour farming, terraces, slope afforestation, crop residues, cover crops, and grass margins [17,55].…”

Section: Impacts Of Climate Change and Land-cover And Land-use Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is not effectively applied, it facilitates enforcement and gives landowners a pathway through which to restore or compensate for their "forest deficits" [9]. Furthermore, instruments such as payments for environmental services and economic-ecological zoning might control soil loss and increase water availability, as shown in Sone et al [60].…”

Section: Impacts Of Climate Change and Land-cover And Land-use Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Climate and Land-Cover Changes on Soil Erosion in Brazilian Pantanal

et al. 2019

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The Pantanal biome integrates the lowlands of the Upper Paraguay Basin (UPB), which is hydrologically connected to the biomes of the Cerrado and Amazon (the highlands of the UPB). The effects of recent land-cover and land-use (LCLU) changes in the highlands, combined with climate change, are still poorly understood in this region. Here, we investigate the effects of soil erosion in the Brazilian Pantanal under climate and LCLU changes by combining different scenarios of projected rainfall erosivity and land-cover management. We compute the average annual soil erosion for the baseline (2012) and projected scenarios for 2020, 2035, and 2050. For the worst scenario, we noted an increase in soil loss of up to 100% from 2012 to 2050, associated with cropland expansion in some parts of the highlands. Furthermore, for the same period, our results indicated an increase of 20 to 40% in soil loss in parts of the Pantanal biome, which was associated with farmland increase (mainly for livestock) in the lowlands. Therefore, to ensure water, food, energy, and ecosystem service security over the next decades in the whole UPB, robust and comprehensive planning measures need to be developed, especially for the most impacted areas found in our study.

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“…In this context, the payment for ecosystem services (PES) can be a suitable mid-to long-term solution to provide soil and water conservation, guarantee forest restoration, river flow rate regulation, and improve water quality (Pagiola et al, 2007;Rodríguez Osuna et al, 2014;Zolin et al, 2014). The use of soil and water conservation approaches in watersheds been shown an excellent business, in the context of water production, as reported by Pires (2004) and Sone et al (2019).…”

Section: Planning For Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Water Security in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region Under Projected Climate Change

Gesualdo¹,

Oliveira²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Climate change affects the global water cycle and has the potential to alter water availability for food-energy-water production, and for ecosystems services, on regional and local scales. An understanding these effects is crucial to assessing future water availability, and for the development of sustainable management plans. Here, we investigate the influence of anticipated climate change on water security in the Jaguari Basin, which is the main source of freshwater for 9 million people in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR). First, we calibrate and evaluate a hydrological model using daily observed data, obtaining satisfactory Coefficient of Determination and Kling-Gupta efficiency values for both periods. To represent possible climate change scenarios up to 2095, we consider two International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and use an ensemble of future projections generated by 17 General Circulation Models (GCMs). These data were used to drive the hydrological model to generate projected scenarios of streamflow. Then we used indicators of water scarcity and vulnerability to carry out a quantitative analysis of provision probability. Our results indicate that streamflow can be expected to exhibit increased interannual variability, significant increases in flow rate between January and March, and an extension of the dry season (currently June to September) until November. The latter includes more than 35 % reduction in streamflow during September through November (with > 50 % reduction in October). Our findings indicate an increased risk of floods and droughts accompanied by an expansion of the basin critical period, and our analysis of the Water Security Indices identifies October and November as the most vulnerable months. Overall, our analysis exposes the fragility of water security in the Sao Paulo metropolitan region, and provides valuable technical and scientific information that can be used to guide regional plans and strategies to cope with potential future water scarcity.

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Water provisioning improvement through payment for ecosystem services

Cited by 61 publications

References 41 publications

Lessons Learned from the Water Producer Project in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Lessons Learned from the Water Producer Project in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Effects of Climate and Land-Cover Changes on Soil Erosion in Brazilian Pantanal

Assessing Water Security in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region Under Projected Climate Change

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