Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health — A review

Azizullah, Azizullah; Khattak, Muhammad Nasir Khan; Richter, Peter; Häder, Donat-Peter

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.007

Cited by 702 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…High concentration of sulfates may induce diarrhea and intestinal disorders. Elevated concentrations of Fe in natural water resources can lead to several serious health problems like cancer, diabetes, liver and heart diseases as well as neurodegenerative diseases (Azizullah et al 2011). Arsenic in drinking water is related to occurrence of skin lesions (Chakraborti et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

2016

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Deterioration of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic activities is increasing at an alarming rate in most parts of the Punjab, but limited work has been carried out on groundwater quality and monitoring. This paper highlights the groundwater quality and compares its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose in Malwa region, a southwestern part of Punjab. The Malwa region makes up the most cultivated area of Punjab with high consumption of pesticides and fertilizers. Twenty-four water samples representing groundwater sources were collected and analyzed for almost all major cations, anions and other physicochemical parameters. Analytical results of physicochemical analysis showed majority of the samples above the permissible limits of the Indian standards. The groundwater of the study area was very hard and the relative abundance of major cations and anions was Na ? [ Ca 2? [ Mg 2? [ K ? and HCO 3 -[ SO 4 2-[ Cl -. Fluoride content was higher than permissible limit in 75 % of the samples. The mean concentration of arsenic in groundwater was 9.37 and 11.01lg/L during summer and winter season, respectively. The parameters like sodium adsorption ratio and sodium percentage (Na%) revealed good quality of groundwater for irrigation purposes, whereas magnesium ratio and corrosivity ratio values showed that water is not suitable for agriculture and domestic use. The dominant hydrochemical facies of groundwater was Ca-Mg-HCO 3 and Ca-Mg-SO 4 -Cl. Chloro alkaline indices 1 and 2 indicated that reverse ion exchange is dominant in the region. The samples fall in rock dominance and evaporation dominance fields as indicated by Gibbs diagram. The saturation index shows that all the water samples were supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals. This work thus concludes that groundwater in the study area is chemically unsuitable for domestic and agricultural uses. It is recommended to carry out a continuous water quality monitoring program and development of effective management practices for utilization of water resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

2016

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“…Ca is considered to be an important component of basic structure of bone, soft tissues and teeth. Literature showed that short term exposure to high concentration of Ca does not create any health implications, but long time intake may lead towards hypercalcemia, urinary tract calculi and calcification in kidneys and in arterial walls besides suppression of bone remodelling [21]. Present study showed that calcium ranged from 40-460 mg/L and overall 75% water samples were having high level of calcium than guideline limits as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Minerals Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 71%

Investigation of Portable Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Trace Metals in Flood Affected Areas of District Rajanpur, Pakistan

2016

J Environ Anal Chem

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“…Negative results that are at a level to affect the health of people are faced due to its effect (Yildiz et al, 2008). Factory wastes concerned with industrial manufacturing may have potential that may cause contamination (Nalbantcilar and Pinarkara, 2011;Nas, 1998;Arundas, 2010;Shankar et al, 2008;Ullah et al, 2009;Azizullah et al, 2011). The fact that industrial zones cause water contamination in has been demonstrated in many samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that industrial zones cause water contamination in has been demonstrated in many samples. Moreover, numerous studies have reported water contamination originating from industrial zones (Sponza and Karaoglu, 2002;Gowd and Govil, 2008;Krishna and Mohan, 2014;Shankar et al, 2008;Ullah et al, 2009;Azizullah et al, 2011;Krishna et al, 2009;Dasaram et al, 2011;Afzal et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of industry on ground water contamination: a case study in Konya city, Turkey

2015

Issue 4

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Having developed rapidly in recent years, Konya, one of Turkey's most significant industrial cities, has been hosting production activities in sectors such as glass, chemistry, mining, metal and machine in the factories 96% of which located in the third Organized Industrial Zone. In common environmental agenda, it was suggested that wastewater stemming from increased industrial diversity and some geological lithology can create environmental problems, including groundwater contamination. In this study, to characterize dry and rainy period, samples were collected from 11 wells so as to determine effects of wastes in the area on groundwater quality. The relation between industrialization and contamination was investigated in water samples, whose contents were examined for NH3, NO3, SO4, B, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr, V, and Zn. Element distribution maps of locations where concentration rise occurred were determined in the vicinity. It was specified that SO4, Ca, Cl, Na, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni and Zn in samples exceeded the maximum contaminant levels according to WHO, EPA and EC standards. It was determined that water samples belonging to rainy period were contaminated more than that of dry period, which poses a threat to environment.

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Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health — A review

Cited by 702 publications

References 97 publications

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

Investigation of Portable Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Trace Metals in Flood Affected Areas of District Rajanpur, Pakistan

Impact of industry on ground water contamination: a case study in Konya city, Turkey

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