Water Pollution along the Mahul Creek of Mumbai, India - Study of Physico-Chemical Properties

Abstract

The present study was performed for the period of one year from January 2013 to December 2013 in order to understand the physico-chemical properties of Mahul Creek water. From the results of our study it was observed that the annual average COD level was 362.09 ppm which was far higher than the maximum tolerable level of 250 ppm set for inland surface water as well as for marine coastal water. The annual average conductivity was found to be 6122.81 µS cm -1 which was very much above the conductivity limit for inland surface water of 1000 µS cm -1 set by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for propagation of fisheries. The annual average total alkalinity level was recorded as 166.25 ppm, which according to the UN Department of Technical Cooperation for Development (1985) was found to be strongly alkaline. The annual average hardness level of the creek water was found to be 2488.65 ppm which was above the limit of 300 ppm set by ISI. From the results of the present investigation it seems that the time has come to implement proper effluent water treatment techniques and enforcement of pollution control by the regulatory authority on the indiscriminate discharge of industrial wastewater into water bodies.

Upcycling Bread Waste into a Ag-Doped Carbon Material Applied to the Detection of Halogenated Compounds in Waters

“…The limit of detection is 16 μM estimated using 3σ IUPAC criterion. This value is below the maximum allowable concentration of 250 ppm (∼7 mM) in drinking water set by the USA EPA. , Similar studies were carried out for Br – and I – (Figures S10 and S11, Supporting Information). The oxidation peaks shift to lower potentials with increasing concentrations of halide ions as expected from the Nernst equation. , Two linear ranges were also estimated in the detection of both species, showing higher sensitivity at lower analyte concentrations.…”

“…This value is below the maximum allowable concentration of 250 ppm (∼7 mM) in drinking water set by the USA EPA. 27,28 Similar studies were carried out for Br − and I − (Figures S10 and S11, Supporting Information). The oxidation peaks shift to lower potentials with increasing concentrations of halide ions as expected from the Nernst equation.…”

“…26 In fact, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard for chloride concentration in drinking water is 250 ppm (1 mM = 35.5 ppm). 27,28 In addition, the EPA indicated that permitting authorities may set water quality-based effluent limitations on bromide to protect downstream drinking water plants and their customers from the effects of increasing concentrations in source waters. 27,29 More specifically, halogenated organic compounds are relevant hazardous chemicals for their persistence, toxicity and complex chemistry in the environment.…”

“…Halide ions are present in many industrial and environmental processes, being in some cases of widespread use such as in the deicing of roads and disinfection of tap water. − To avoid environmental and health impacts, it is necessary to avoid excessive or deficient concentration levels of halides in natural waters . In fact, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard for chloride concentration in drinking water is 250 ppm (1 mM = 35.5 ppm). , In addition, the EPA indicated that permitting authorities may set water quality-based effluent limitations on bromide to protect downstream drinking water plants and their customers from the effects of increasing concentrations in source waters. , More specifically, halogenated organic compounds are relevant hazardous chemicals for their persistence, toxicity and complex chemistry in the environment. , In this context, electrochemical sensors could provide simple and cost-effective methods for analyzing those chemicals in the water.…”