Water movement, oxygen supply and biological processes on the aggregate scale

Leffelaar, P.A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-81490-6.50061-3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…During incubation experiments, we aimed to create anoxic environment for anammox bacteria by making the incubations anoxic by flushing with high-purity He gas. But as previously reported, residual oxygen will still be retained in soil aggregates [45]. The dominant Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Resuscitation of anammox bacteria after >10,000 years of dormancy

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2018

The ISME Journal

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Water is essential for life on Earth, and an important medium for microbial energy and metabolism. Dormancy is a state of low metabolic activity upon unfavorable conditions. Many microorganisms can switch to a metabolically inactive state after water shortage, and recover once the environmental conditions become favorable again. Here, we resuscitated dormant anammox bacteria from dry terrestrial ecosystems after a resting period of >10 ka by addition of water without any other substrates. Isotopic-tracer analysis showed that water induced nitrate reduction yielding sufficient nitrite as substrate and energy for activating anammox bacteria. Subsequently, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) provided the substrate ammonium for anammox bacteria. The ammonium and nitrite formed were used to produce dinitrogen gas. High throughput sequencing and network analysis identified Brocadia as the dominant anammox species and a Jettenia species seemed to connect the other community members. Under global climate change, increasing precipitation and soil moisture may revive dormant anammox bacteria in arid soils and thereby impact global nitrogen and carbon cycles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Resuscitation of anammox bacteria after >10,000 years of dormancy

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2018

The ISME Journal

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“…There is no evidence for increased NPP with increased MAP in mesic to wet systems, either on this gradient or in a recent comprehensive survey of tropical ecosystems that included both lowland and montane forests (Clark et al 2001). In contrast, patterns of restricted oxygen availability in upland soils have been widely documented, varying temporally (Nisbet et al 1989, Cogger and Kennedy 1992, Magnusson 1992 or spatially within soil aggregates (Currie 1961, Leffelaar 1993, Hojberg et al 1994, Rappoldt 1995. We suggest that low redox potential is the mechanism that drives the increase in soil C storage on this precipitation gradient in Hawaii, and could be an important mechanism for humid upland ecosystems globally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carbon Cycling and Soil Carbon Storage in Mesic to Wet Hawaiian Montane Forests

Schuur

Chadwick

Matson

2001

Ecology

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Global surveys have shown that increased precipitation in mesic to wet ecosystems increases soil carbon storage, but it is not clear how changes in water availability act to affect soil carbon since water is generally in excess of plant demand within these humid ecosystems. Differences in precipitation can affect soil carbon storage either by altering the biotic processes involved in carbon cycling or by altering abiotic processes such as carbon adsorption on soil minerals. We compared the relative effect of water on net primary productivity and decomposition, and on soil weathering and mineralogy in controlling soil carbon storage in forests. Patterns of ecosystem carbon cycling and soil carbon storage were measured in Hawaiian montane forest sites similar in temperature regime, parent material, ecosystem age, vegetation, and topographical relief, while mean annual precipitation alone varied from 2200 to Ͼ5000 mm/yr. Soil carbon storage ranged from 30.9 to 62.5 kg/m 2 and increased by a factor of 1.7 with increased precipitation across the gradient. Neither changes in total secondary minerals nor noncrystalline mineral content could explain increased soil carbon as both decreased with increasing precipitation. Aboveground net primary productivity, soil carbon dioxide flux, and plant litter decomposition rates also decreased with increased precipitation. These data suggest that increased soil carbon storage was not stimulated by an increase in net primary productivity, but instead by a decrease in decomposition rates. Decreased decomposition rates corresponded with low soil reduction-oxidation potentials, suggesting that soil oxygen availability was limiting to microbes. While soil oxygen did not appear to affect plant growth directly, the decline in net primary productivity corresponded with decreased nitrogen availability, a consequence of slower decomposition and nutrient release. Thus, in humid environments the most important effect of variation in water on carbon cycling appears to be its control on the diffusion of oxygen into the soil.

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“…The abiotic factors thought to affect soil respiration at fine scales are nutrient or substrate availability (Han et al, 2007), which are regulated by the structure and texture of the local environment, and the local physicochemical conditions (e.g. pH, O 2 levels…; Leffelaar, 1993;Or et al, 2007;Young et al, 2008;Rajaniemi & Allison, 2009). The physical structure of solid and pore space in soil results in a complex distribution of oxygen, water films, organic C and gradients of solutes spanning distances as small as a few micrometers (Sexstone et al, 1985;Chenu & Roberson, 1996;Carminati et al, 2008;Lehmann et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of soil organic C mineralisation at the pore scale

Ruamps

Nunan

Pouteau

et al. 2013

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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Little is known about the factors that regulate C mineralisation at the soil pore scale or how these factors vary throughout the pore network. This study sought to understand how the decomposition of organic carbon varies within the soil pore network and to determine the relative importance of local environmental properties relative to biological properties as controlling factors. This was achieved by sterilising samples of soil and reinoculating them with axenic bacterial suspensions using the matric potential to target different locations in the pore network. Carbon mineralisation curves were described with two-compartment first-order models to distinguish CO2 derived from the labile organic carbon released during sterilisation from CO2 derived from organic C unaffected by sterilisation. The data indicated that the size of the labile pool of organic C, possibly of microbial origin, varied as a function of location in the pore network but that the organic carbon unaffected by sterilisation did not. The mineralisation rate of the labile C varied with the bacterial type inoculated, but the mineralisation rate of the organic C unaffected by sterilisation was insensitive to bacterial type. Taken together, the results suggest that microbial metabolism is a less significant regulator of soil organic carbon decomposition than are microbial habitat properties.

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Water movement, oxygen supply and biological processes on the aggregate scale

Abstract: Leffelaar, P.A., 1993. Water movement, oxygen supply and biological processes on the aggregate scale.In: L. Brussaard and M

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Resuscitation of anammox bacteria after >10,000 years of dormancy

Resuscitation of anammox bacteria after >10,000 years of dormancy

Carbon Cycling and Soil Carbon Storage in Mesic to Wet Hawaiian Montane Forests

Regulation of soil organic C mineralisation at the pore scale

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Water movement, oxygen supply and biological processes on the aggregate scale

Abstract: Leffelaar, P.A., 1993. Water movement, oxygen supply and biological processes on the aggregate scale.In: L. Brussaard and M

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Resuscitation of anammox bacteria after &gt;10,000 years of dormancy

Resuscitation of anammox bacteria after &gt;10,000 years of dormancy

Carbon Cycling and Soil Carbon Storage in Mesic to Wet Hawaiian Montane Forests

Regulation of soil organic C mineralisation at the pore scale

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Resuscitation of anammox bacteria after >10,000 years of dormancy

Resuscitation of anammox bacteria after >10,000 years of dormancy