Water-model Experiments on Gas and Liquid Flow in the Continuous Casting Immersion Nozzle

Kasai, Norifumi; Iguchi, Manabu

doi:10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.91.6_546

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…When the gas-liquid two-phase flow exits from the nozzle, the sizes of bubbles are different: the large diameter is 6 mm and the smallest diameter is just a fraction of a millimeter. As the large sized bubble is subjected to a large buoyancy force, it will soon float up to the liquid level and escape from the nozzle after injection, while the small sized bubble can be carried to the deeper position of the mold by the flow stream [4,14]. It was found in the experiment that the bubbles with a diameter less than 1 mm have difficulty escaping from the mold, which agrees with previous results [15].…”

Section: Study On the Behavior Of Bubbles In A Wide Moldsupporting

confidence: 88%

Study on Multiphase Flow in a Wide-Width Continuous Casting Mold

et al. 2022

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The multiphase flow in the mold has a significant impact on the surface quality of the slab. In this paper, the multiphase flow in the mold is studied by establishing a one-quarter scale water mold, with the aid of a high-speed camera and particle image velocimetry (PIV). The oil phase will make the liquid surface velocity around the nozzle smaller. The greater the viscosity of the oil, the greater the critical water model casting speed and the shallower the critical immersion depth of submerged entry nozzle (SEN). Blowing will enhance the turbulence of the flow field in the mold and have a suppressing effect on the surface velocity. However, the vertical velocity of the narrow surface does not change significantly. The randomness of the bubble entering the mold from the nozzle can easily cause asymmetry of the instantaneous flow. The number of bubbles with a diameter less than 1 mm increase with the increase in gas flow rate. The larger the bubble size, the more buoyant around the nozzle when it escapes. The larger the diameter of bubble, the closer the vortex center of the upper circulation is to the nozzle and the closer the center of the lower circulation is to the narrow surface.

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Section: Study On the Behavior Of Bubbles In A Wide Moldsupporting

confidence: 88%

Study on Multiphase Flow in a Wide-Width Continuous Casting Mold

et al. 2022

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“…During the continuous casting (CC) process of steel slabs, argon gas is commonly injected into the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) through the gas channel of the stopper rod, [1][2][3][4] small holes or porous refractory in upper tundish nozzle (UTN), [5][6][7][8] and the sliding gate of the SEN [9][10][11] to prevent the clogging of nonmetallic inclusions to the wall of the SEN. [12,13] Inevitably argon bubbles alter the flow pattern inside the mold. [14][15][16][17] Meanwhile, larger bubbles produce slug or annular flows inside the SEN and float up toward the top surface quickly which leads to flow instability, mold level fluctuation, and product quality problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Spatial Distribution of Argon Bubbles in a Steel Slab Continuous Casting Strand

Liu

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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“…[14,[17][18][19][20] However, the effect of temperature on the bubble size has been rarely studied in the water model of a continuous steel caster. The gas injection method in the water model experiment included the gas channel of the stopper rod, [21][22][23][24][25] small holes or porous refractory in the upper tundish nozzle (UTN), [16,[26][27][28] and the slide gate of the SEN. [11,29] Bai and Thomas [16] investigated the effects of the liquid velocity, gas-injection flow rate, injection hole diameter, and gas composition on the initial bubble-formation behavior. The gas was injected through a square tube below the tundish tank outlet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gas was injected through a square tube below the tundish tank outlet. Kasai and Iguchi [29] obtained the critical value of the water flow rate to carry the gas injected through the slide gate into the mold. The variation of the bubble size inside the SEN and the mold was also studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature and Multichannel Stopper Rod on Bubbles in Water Model of a Steel Continuous Caster

Liu

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Argon gas has been widely injected into submerged entry nozzles (SENs) to prevent nozzle clogging during the slab continuous casting (CC) process. Meanwhile, argon bubbles also reduce the negative pressure and air aspiration, [1,2] promoting the mixing and flotation of inclusions from the molten steel in the CC mold. [3][4][5][6] Abnormal larger bubbles float up close to the outer wall of the SEN and escape from the top surface quickly, which causes slag entrainment into the molten steel. [7,8] Smaller bubbles are easily captured by the solidified shell, causing segregation, [9] pencil blister, and sliver defects. [10][11][12] Therefore, it is necessary to better understand and optimize the bubble size and distribution in the CC mold to avoid bubble-related defects.The gas injection method, casting parameters, [13,14] nozzle design, [15] physical properties of the gas and liquid phases, [16] and temperature have a great effect on the bubble size and distribution inside the SEN and the CC mold. Water model measurements have shown that bubble diameters decrease with a higher casting speed and submergence depth of the SEN, as well as with a lower gas flow rate. [14,[17][18][19][20] However, the effect of temperature on the bubble size has been rarely studied in the water model of a continuous steel caster. The gas injection method in the water model experiment included the gas channel of the stopper rod, [21][22][23][24][25] small holes or porous refractory in the upper tundish nozzle (UTN), [16,[26][27][28] and the slide gate of the SEN. [11,29] Bai and Thomas [16] investigated the effects of the liquid velocity, gas-injection flow rate, injection hole diameter, and gas composition on the initial bubble-formation behavior. The gas was injected through a square tube below the tundish tank outlet. Kasai and Iguchi [29] obtained the critical value of the water flow rate to carry the gas injected through the slide gate into the mold. The variation of the bubble size inside the SEN and the mold was also studied. [30] Lee et al. [31] investigated the effect of refractory properties on the initial stages of bubble formation. Air was injected through the porous refractory in the center of the UTN wall. For gas injection from the stopper rod tip, single [21,23,31] and multichannel [32,33] blowing methods have been studied in recent years. Gas injection from a single channel created abnormal large bubbles or gas pockets, and produced slug or annular flows inside the SEN, resulting in unstable flow and violent level fluctuations, whereas gas injection from multiple channels produced a more stable surface level in the mold and retarded the clogging on the stopper rod tip. [24] However, studies on the effect of the hole diameter of the gas channel of the stopper rod on the bubble size distribution are little reported.In this study, the bubble size and distribution in the CC mold were investigated and measured using a 0.5-scale water model. First, the effect of the water temperature on the bubble size and

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Water-model Experiments on Gas and Liquid Flow in the Continuous Casting Immersion Nozzle

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Study on Multiphase Flow in a Wide-Width Continuous Casting Mold

Study on Multiphase Flow in a Wide-Width Continuous Casting Mold

Study on the Spatial Distribution of Argon Bubbles in a Steel Slab Continuous Casting Strand

Effect of Temperature and Multichannel Stopper Rod on Bubbles in Water Model of a Steel Continuous Caster

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