Water-mass evolution in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America and equatorial Atlantic

Eldrett, James S; Dodsworth, Paul; Bergman, Steven C.; Wright, Milly; Minisini, Daniel

doi:10.5194/cp-13-855-2017

Cited by 89 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…4. Carbon-isotope and cyclostratigraphic correlation between OAE2 key sections in three basins: Anglo-Paris Basin (Poigny core) (this study), Northern margin of Indian plate (Gongzha section, southern Tibet, China) (Li et al, 2017) and Western Interior Basin (USGS♯1 Portland core, central Colorado; Iona-1 core, western Texas; Angus core, north-central Colorado) (Meyers et al, 2012b;Ma et al, 2014;, Eldrett et al, 2017. Note that the CTB at Portland was placed through a fine lithostratigraphic correlation with the neighboring Turonian GSSP Pueblo section (Sageman et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…At Gongzha section, the whole CIE is also well-defined and covers nearly eight to eight and a half short eccentricity cycles. In the WIB, the end of CIE is not evident in USGS#1 Portland (Sageman et al, 2006), but could be placed from the Angus core, especially from Iona-1 core (Ma et al, 2014;, Eldrett et al, 2017. The whole CIE in the WIB (Angus and Iona-1 cores) contains nearly eight to eight and a half short eccentricity cycles (Fig.…”

Section: Duration Of Oae2 and Diachroneity Of The Cenomanian-turonianmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…δ 13 C data of Wunstorf core (northwestern Germany) are from Voigt et al (2008). δ 13 C data of Iona-1 core (western Texas, USA) are from , Eldrett et al, 2017 13 C data of Angus core (north-central Colorado, USA) are from Joo and Sageman (2014). δ 13 C data of USGS#1 Portland core (central Colorado, USA) are from Sageman et al, 2006).…”

Section: Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…δ 13 C data of USGS#1 Portland core (central Colorado, USA) are from Sageman et al (2006) (grey curve) (additional data points to form the synthetic bleue curve of Joo and Sageman, 2014). δ 13 C data of Iona-1 core (western Texas, USA) are from Eldrett et al ( , 2017. Cyclostratigraphic data of USGS#1 Portland and Iona-1 cores are from Sageman et al (2006) and , respectively.…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 C data of Iona-1 core (western Texas, USA) are from Eldrett et al ( , 2017. Planktonic foraminiferal bioevents of the Cenomanian-Turonian successions at Eastbourne after (1) , 2 Keller et al (2001), (3) Hart et al 2002and 4 , at Poigny after Robaszynski and Bellier (2000), at Wunstorf core after Voigt et al (2008), and Iona-1 core after .…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling short- and long-term carbon cycle variations during the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 from the Paris Basin Chalk

Boulila

Charbonnier

Spangenberg

et al. 2020

Global and Planetary Change

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The Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2, ca. 94.6 Ma) is one of the major perturbations in the global carbon cycle during the Phanerozoic. Stable carbon isotopes (δ 13 C) from marine and continental sedimentary environments document this carbon cycle perturbation with a pronounced (> 2‰) positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Although the OAE2 stratigraphic interval has been intensively studied in terms of paleoceanography and paleoclimatology, several climatic and carbon cycle aspects are not yet well-understood. In particular, cyclic short-term Milankovitch-scale δ 13 C variations within the OAE2 and their potential implications for the global carbon cycle have been rarely addressed. Here, we present high-resolution (5 cm, ~2 kyr) δ 13 C data spanning the OAE2 from the Paris Basin Chalk (Poigny Craie-701 drill-core) to show high amplitude short-term δ 13 C oscillations, superimposed on the major CIE. Time-series analysis indicates that short-term oscillations are astronomically paced, with eccentricity cycles being the most prominent. Orbital forcing of δ 13 C variations is further supported by time-series analysis of the English Chalk (Eastbourne section). We suggest that orbitally paced carbon cycle oscillations were amplified by considerable emission of greenhouse gases from volcanism that caused the overall CIE. Astronomical calibration of the whole OAE2 (the perturbation and recovery phases) from the Poigny record provides a duration equivalent to eight to eight and a half short eccentricity cycles. Cyclostratigraphic correlations among several OAE2 key records indicate the same duration of the whole CIE. However, duration of the interval from the onset of CIE till the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (CTB) is significantly different from one basin to another. In particular, a difference of almost two short eccentricity cycles is highlighted between the Anglo-Paris and Western Interior basins. According to cyclostratigraphic approach and correlations, the entry of W. devonense was at least 200 kyr later in the Western Interior Basin (WIB, USA) than in Europe. Key calcareous nannofossil biohorizons (e.g., Quadrum gartneri) are also stratigraphically upshifted in the WIB with respect to the European sections, hence concurring with the hypothesis of a younger CTB in the WIB. We ascribe such significant temporal offset to diachroneity of the CTB, which is likely the result of different, regional biotic responses to the global OAE2 paleoenvironmental perturbation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Duration Of Oae2 and Diachroneity Of The Cenomanian-turonianmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling short- and long-term carbon cycle variations during the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 from the Paris Basin Chalk

Boulila

Charbonnier

Spangenberg

et al. 2020

Global and Planetary Change

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Sedimentary Mercury Enrichments as a Marker for Submarine Large Igneous Province Volcanism? Evidence From the Mid‐Cenomanian Event and Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (Late Cretaceous)

Scaife

Ruhl

Dickson

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

101

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Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2), during the Cenomanian‐Turonian transition (∼94 Ma), was the largest perturbation of the global carbon cycle in the mid‐Cretaceous and can be recognized by a positive carbon‐isotope excursion in sedimentary strata. Although OAE 2 has been linked to large‐scale volcanism, several large igneous provinces (LIPs) were active at this time (e.g., Caribbean, High Arctic, Madagascan, Ontong‐Java) and little clear evidence links OAE 2 to a specific LIP. The Mid‐Cenomanian Event (MCE, ∼96 Ma), identified by a small, 1‰ positive carbon‐isotope excursion, is often referred to as a prelude to OAE 2. However, no underlying cause has yet been demonstrated and its relationship to OAE 2 is poorly constrained. Here we report sedimentary mercury (Hg) concentration data from four sites, three from the southern margin of the Western Interior Seaway and one from Demerara Rise, in the equatorial proto‐North Atlantic Ocean. We find that, in both areas, increases in mercury concentrations and Hg/TOC ratios coincide with the MCE and the OAE 2. However, the increases found in these sites are of a lower magnitude than those found in records of many other Mesozoic events, possibly characteristic of a marine rather than atmospheric dispersal of mercury for both events. Combined, the new mercury data presented here are consistent with an initial magmatic pulse at the time of the MCE, with a second, greater pulse at the onset of OAE 2, possibly related to the emplacement of LIPs in the Pacific Ocean and/or the High Arctic.

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The Osmium Isotope Signature of Phanerozoic Large Igneous Provinces

Dickson

Cohen

Davies

2021

Large Igneous Provinces

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The emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) throughout the Phanerozoic Eon introduced vast quantities of mafic rocks to the Earth's surface, which were subsequently weathered into the oceans. Osmium isotope data can be used to track these LIP-related weathering fluxes, providing a global fingerprint of the timing and magnitude of LIP emplacement, and guiding assessments of the impact of these events on ocean biogeochemistry and the regulation of the global climate system. Sedimentary Os isotope records spanning late Phanerozoic LIP events are reviewed herein and new observations from Eocene hyperthermal event ETM-2 are presented. While Os isotope stratigraphy can pro vide major constraints on LIP activity in the geological record, it cannot always distinguish whether the extrusive activity was subaerial or submarine. The utility of osmium isotopes as a global tracer of past volcanism may be enhanced when used alongside proxies such as mercury concentrations, which may be more diagnostic of the style of individual episodes of LIP emplacement. Hitherto, only a few high-resolution Os-isotope records across Phanerozoic LIPs have effectively exploited the short oceanic residence time of Os. Future high-resolution studies across suitable, well-preserved stratigraphic records will significantly improve our understanding of the nature, progression, and consequences of LIP emplacement.

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Water-mass evolution in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America and equatorial Atlantic

Cited by 89 publications

References 95 publications

Unraveling short- and long-term carbon cycle variations during the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 from the Paris Basin Chalk

Unraveling short- and long-term carbon cycle variations during the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 from the Paris Basin Chalk

Sedimentary Mercury Enrichments as a Marker for Submarine Large Igneous Province Volcanism? Evidence From the Mid‐Cenomanian Event and Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (Late Cretaceous)

The Osmium Isotope Signature of Phanerozoic Large Igneous Provinces

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