Water management in various crop production systems related to soil tillage

Lal, Rattan

doi:10.1016/0167-1987(94)90004-3

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In stable forest ecosystems, where soil is protected by vegetation, erosion rates are very low, ranging from only 0.004 to 0.05 t/ha/year [47,71]. Tree leaves and branches not only intercept and diminish raindrop and wind energy, but leaves and branches also cover the soil under the trees to further protect the soil.…”

Section: Forest Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production

2013

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Since humans worldwide obtain more than 99.7% of their food (calories) from the land and less than 0.3% from the oceans and aquatic ecosystems, preserving cropland and maintaining soil fertility should be of the highest importance to human welfare. Soil erosion is one of the most serious threats facing world food production. Each year about 10 million ha of cropland are lost due to soil erosion, thus reducing the cropland available for world food production. The loss of cropland is a serious problem because the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization report that two-thirds of the world population is malnourished. Overall, soil is being lost from agricultural areas 10 to 40 times faster than the rate of soil formation imperiling humanity's food security.

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Section: Forest Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, about 80% of the world's agricultural land suffers moderate to severe erosion, while 10% experiences slight erosion [47,48]. Worldwide, erosion on cropland averages about 30 t/ha/year and ranges from 0.5 to 400 t/ha/year [2].…”

Section: Worldwide Croplandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production

2013

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“…Water stress becomes critical when there is limited rainfall during grain development and grain-filling stages (Wagger and Denton 1992). It is interesting that the yield reductions persisted after conversion to NT, as NT systems tend to have greater soil water availability from increased infiltration within a few years of their establishment (Lal 1994). A long-term tillage experiment adjacent to our study site found few differences in the grain yield from silage corn and grain corn plots under NT, reduced tillage and CT during the period 1991-2002 (Dam et al 2005).…”

Section: Silage Corn and Soybean Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada

Whalen¹,

Prasher²,

Benslim³

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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, H. 2007. Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 841-849. The conversion to no-tillage (NT) may seem risky to some producers who rely on tillage to control weeds, some insect pests and disease-causing pathogens that can reduce crop yield. Weeds, arthropods, and disease incidence were monitored in silage corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) agroecosystems with CT and newly established NT plots in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec. During the first 2 establishment years, there were more annual grass and fewer annual broadleaf weeds in NT than in CT plots, but the surface area covered by weeds (broadleaf, grasses and perennials) was greater in CT than NT plots. Foliar arthropods were more numerous in soybean than corn plots in both years, but were unaffected by tillage. There were more ground-dwelling generalist predators, especially Coleoptera and Carabidae, in CT than NT plots, while spiders and harvestmen (Araneae and Opiliones) were dominant in NT plots. Crop damage from insect pests and diseases was below economic thresholds, but 5 yr of yield monitoring (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) revealed a trend of greater silage corn and soybean yields in CT than NT plots. The reduction in crop yield after establishing NT practices at this site was probably due to rooting constraints from inadequate seedbed preparation in the NT system, rather than from weed competition, insect damage or crop diseases.Key words: Arthropods, crop disease, silage corn, soybean, tillage, weed control Whalen, J. K., Prasher, S. O. et Benslim, H. 2007. Surveillance aux agro-écosystèmes de maïs-ensilage et de soya convertis en semis-direct au Québec, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 841-849. Le système de semis-direct (NT) peut sembler risqué pour quelques producteurs qui comptent sur le labourage pour contrôler les mauvaises herbes, quelques insectes ravageurs et les pathogènes causant des maladies qui peuvent réduire la production végétale. Nous avons examiné des mauvaises herbes, des arthropodes, et l'incidence des maladies dans les agro-écosystèmes de maïs-ensilage (Zea mays L.) et soya (Glycine max L. Merr.), aux parcelles nouvellement converties en NT à Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec. Pendant les deux premières années d'étab-lissement, il y avait plus des mauvaises herbes annuelles et moins des dicotylédones annuelles avec NT que dans les parcelles avec CT, mais le degré d'envahissement par les mauvaises herbes était plus grand dans le CT que le NT. Pendant deux ans, les arthropodes foliaires étaient plus nombreux en soya par apport au maïs-ensilage, mais ils n'étaient pas affectés par le labourage du sol. Il y avait plus de prédateurs de généraliste, particulièrement les coléoptères et les Carabidae, dans le CT que le NT, alors que les araignées et les faucheux (Araneae et Opiliones) étaient dominants dans les parcelles sous NT. La diminution du rendement de la récolte après l'établissement du NT sur ce site a été probablement due à la dif...

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“…Soil erosion makes large amounts of soil loss, which is regard as a major cause of the deforestation now taking place throughout the world (Pimentel and Kounang, 1998). For the soil loss accompanying with nutrient loss, about 30% of the world's farmland has become unproductive and, therefore, has been abandoned by humans (Lal, 1990(Lal, , 1994. So, the higher the vegetation coverage is, the less the soil is eroded away, and the higher the farmland productivity capacity improves.…”

Section: Relationships Of Vegetation Recovery Farmland and Soil Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the vegetation recovery and crop pattern adjustment on the Loess Plateau of China

Fang¹,

Li²,

Qiangguo³

2011

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Low vegetation coverage and irrational land use are regarded as two main factors in influencing soil loss. In order to improve vegetation recovery and to adjust land use pattern on the Loess Plateau, the data of precipitation, net primary productivity of vegetation, and eco-water requirement of main crops of key counties on the Loess Plateau are used in this paper. The concepts of utilization/adaptation capability of eco-water requirement are used and plotted against mean annual precipitation in the 1960s to 1990s for vegetation and crops, respectively. Results demonstrate that in the regions with lower than 400, 400 to 510 and over 510 mm precipitation, the grass/shrub, grass/shrub/forest and forest fit to be planted, respectively. For crops in the regions with less than 300, > 310, > 450 and > 510 mm precipitation, Kaoliang and glutinous, millet, winter wheat, and maize are satisfied, respectively.

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Water management in various crop production systems related to soil tillage

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production

Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production

Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada

A study on the vegetation recovery and crop pattern adjustment on the Loess Plateau of China

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