Water losses through the bunds of irrigated rice fields interpreted through an analogue model

Sustainable yields from large diameter wells in shallow weathered aquifers

“…Recharge through bunds increases from zero when depth of water is 50% of bund height of 130 mm to a maximum recharge equivalent to 9 mm/d. This is consistent with the field measurements reported by Walker and Rushton (1986), see also Rushton (2003) and de Silva and Rushton (2008). (d) Water required for irrigation: assuming that chillies are the dry season crop with a crop coefficient of 1.05, a growing season of 135 days with an average potential evapotranspiration of 5.2 mm, the total moisture requirement for crop growth is approximately 1.05 Â 135 Â 5.2 = 740 mm; this value is consistent with field experience (DAFF-SA, 2010).…”

Effects of surrounding crop and semi-natural vegetation on the plant diversity of paddy fields

“…The water depth is controlled and regulated by the spillway height (around 5 cm) ( Figure 2). In Indonesia, bunds are plowed in and rebuilt each season using the mud of the plow layer to make a boundary between paddy fields, to provide a footpath, and to control water level [25].…”

Rice Field Geochemistry and Hydrology: An Explanation for Why Groundwater Irrigated Fields in Bangladesh are Net Sinks of Arsenic from Groundwater

“…Bund flow is greatest immediately after irrigation when larger cross-sectional areas of bunds are covered by water (21, 25). Arsenic concentrations in ponded surface water are also greatest immediately after irrigation, when bund flow occurs, and decrease with time due to the formation of As-bearing iron aggregates and arsenic sorption to soil minerals (26).…”