Water in minerals? A peak in the infrared

Aines, Roger D.; Rossman, George R.

doi:10.1029/jb089ib06p04059

Cited by 368 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…So, at least in this belemnite, water or hydroxyl groups (the latter perhaps bound to the mineral matrix) seem to have been the major signal contributor to our 1 H MR images, and the question about the origin of the signal translates into a question about the origin of these water or hydroxyl groups. We are not aware of any studies focusing on this issue specifically but given that temperature-stable water was found to exist in dental enamel (Myers, 1965, using NMR) as well as in recent and fossil shells (Hudson, 1967, using gas chromatography), it was proposed that hydroxyl groups sometimes take the place of oxygen atoms in the crystal grid (Martin and Donnay, 1972), which has since been affirmed by infrared and NMR techniques (Aines and Rossman, 1984;Gaffey, 1988Gaffey, , 1995Rossman, 2006). Furthermore, water molecules completely shielded from the bulk of the aqueous solvent have been found in dissolved globular proteins, in the intermolecular interfaces of multimolecular complexes and, notably, in protein crystals (Wider, 1998).…”

Section: Origin Of the Mr Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of fossils across taxa

Mietchen

Aberhan²,

Manz

et al. 2008

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The frequency of life forms in the fossil record is largely determined by the extent to which they were mineralised at the time of their death. In addition to mineral structures, many fossils nonetheless contain detectable amounts of residual water or organic molecules, the analysis of which has become an integral part of current palaeontological research. The methods available for this sort of investigations, though, typically require dissolution or ionisation of the fossil sample or parts thereof, which is an issue with rare taxa and outstanding materials like pathological or type specimens. In such cases, non-destructive techniques could provide a valuable methodological alternative. While Computed Tomography has long been used to study palaeontological specimens, a number of complementary approaches have recently gained ground. These include Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which had previously been employed to obtain three-dimensional images of pathological belemnites non-invasively on the basis of intrinsic contrast. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether 1 H MRI can likewise provide anatomical information about nonpathological belemnites and specimens of other fossil taxa. To this end, three-dimensional MR image series were acquired from intact non-pathological invertebrate, vertebrate and plant fossils. At routine voxel resolutions in the range of several dozens to some hundreds of micrometers, these images reveal a host of anatomical details and thus highlight the potential of MR techniques to effectively complement existing methodological approaches for palaeontological investigations in a wide range of taxa. As for the origin of the MR signal, relaxation and diffusion measurements as well as 1 H and 13 C MR spectra acquired from a belemnite suggest intracrystalline water or hydroxyl groups, rather than organic residues.

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Section: Origin Of the Mr Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of fossils across taxa

Mietchen

Aberhan²,

Manz

et al. 2008

Biogeosciences

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“…Absorbance spectra for typical wet and dry samples are given in Figure 1. The spectra show a broadband absorbance with a maximum near 3600 cm -•, characteristic of molecular water or hydroxyl [Aines and Rossman, 1984]. Specimens referred to as wet contain about 11500 _+ 2900 ppm H/Si (0.07 _+ 0.02 wt % H20) on average and 640 _+ 260 ppm H/Si (0.004 _+ 0.002 wt % H20 ) if they are dry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dislocation and diffusion creep of synthetic anorthite aggregates

Rybacki¹,

Dresen²

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

258

272

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“…With a few notable exceptions, most of the samples exhibit relatively featureless VNIR spectra, or they show absorption bands that have limited utility from a remote-sensing standpoint because of interference by atmospheric absorption features. In particular, many of the spectra in figures 1 and 2 exhibit absorption bands near 1.4 and 1.9 urn related to molecular water (Hunt and Salisbury, 1970;Aines and Rossman, 1984). These water features cannot be observed remotely because the same wavelengths are obscured by atmospheric water-vapor absorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in research on mineral resources, 1994

Berger¹

1994

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Cover. Part of a color shaded-relief aeromagnetic map of north-central Minnesota. Color changes represent broad changes in magnetic field strength. The warm colors (red, orange, and yellow) represent areas of magnetic field highs; the cool colors (green, blue, and purple) represent magnetic field lows.[From Horton, R.J., Day, W.C., and Bracken, R.E., Aeromagnetic survey of north-central Minnesota, chap. T of Scott, R.W., Jr., Detra, P.S., and Berger, B.R., eds., Advances Related Geographic landscapes change only slowly, but political and economic landscapes can change abruptly and unexpectedly The geological sciences are contributors to changes in these landscapes, but they also serve as a source of information on which an informed polity may base decisions on behalf of a society. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is dedicated to providing information for the public good in all aspects of the geological sciences, including mineral resources.Mineral resources are a part of the geosciences that impact all aspects of a society from national economic security to national defense to land-use decisions to health and welfare these impacts affect not just humans but all other animals as well as all flora. Minerals are an essential part of the well-being of both a society and the Earth. They serve as the basis for infrastructure, technological innovation and development, economic policies, national defense, and national economic security; they are also essential to informed decisions on environmental risk and environmental tradeoffs in any decision-making process.The USGS provides mineral resource information, knowledge, and technical analyses from highly trained scientists with broad-ranging technical skills to Federal, State, and local governments; industries; schools and universities; and the general public of the United States. It also engages in cooperative studies with other countries and their institutions to provide training, exchange information and understanding, and attack important scientific problems. This Bulletin, Advances in research on mineral resources, 1994, reports progress on some of the current domestic and international research activities of the Office of Mineral Resources, Geologic Division of the USGS. ESTABLISHING A GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK FOR MINERAL DEPOSITSSince the emergence of economic geology as a recognized subdiscipline within the earth-science research community within the last century, there has been heated debate about the role of igneous processes in the genesis of deposits that are spatially associated with intrusions and volcanic rocks. Do the metals in most deposits come from magmas, or is the magma merely a partial contributor or simply a heat engine? Even the use of sophisticated new technologies in the post-World War II era has not caused the issue to wither. Although there are stable-isotope methodologies to fingerprint probable water sources and radiogenic methodologies that reveal the source of some metals (and most deposits and rocks can now be dated with high precision), the...

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Water in minerals? A peak in the infrared

Cited by 368 publications

References 25 publications

Three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of fossils across taxa

Three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of fossils across taxa

Dislocation and diffusion creep of synthetic anorthite aggregates

Advances in research on mineral resources, 1994

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