“…In order to describe the profound influences of the hydrated ions on the surrounding water molecules, the concept of a hydration shell is commonly adapted (Boisson et al, ; Bylaska, Valiev, Rustad, & Weare, ; Dang & Chang, ; Eiberweiser, Nazet, Hefter, & Buchner, ; Fournier, Carpenter, De Marco, & Tokmakoff, ; Karmakar & Chandra, ; Mancinelli, Botti, Bruni, Ricci, & Soper, ; Marcus, ; Masia & Rey, ; Mason, Ansell, Neilson, & Rempe, ; Morita, Westh, Nishikawa, & Koga, ; Nigro, Re, Laage, Rey, & Hynes, ; Park, Odelius, & Gaffney, ; Pluharova, Laage, & Jungwirth, ; Rinne, Gekle, & Netz, ; Schienbein, Schwaab, Forbert, Havenith, & Marx, ; Stirnemann, Wernersson, Jungwirth, & Laage, ; Tielrooij et al, ; Turton, Hunger, Hefter, Buchner, & Wynne, ; Vila Verde & Lipowsky, ; Xie, Yang, & Gao, ; Yadav, Choudhary, & Chandra, ; Q. Zhang, Chen, et al, ; Q. Zhang, Wu, et al, ; R. Zhang & Zhuang, ). In principle, the hydration shell should include the first few layers of water next to the solute.…”