Water in Algerian Sahara: Environmental and Health impact

Sekkoum, Khaled; Talhi, M. F.; Cheriti, Abdelkrim; Bourmita, Younes; Belboukhari, Nasser; Benkeblia, Noureddine; Taleb, Safia

doi:10.5772/50319

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Nearly all African countries having the incidence of fluoride level above 1.5 mg/l were found to have dental fluorosis [7,10,16,17,20,25,31,39,41,43,98,101]. Although, the severe cases were observed in rift valley countries, some areas with fluoride levels below 1.5 mg/l had also the incidences of dental fluorosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Although, African countries like Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi Sudan, Uganda and the Republic of South Africa were reported to have high fluoride [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] only South Africa, Malawi and Sudan had the maximum value exceeding 6 mg/l with maximum concentration value of 42.05, 10 and 7 mg/l, respectively (Fig. 13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such countries include Algeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria the Republic of South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] (Fig. 11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, not commonly known as high fluoride country, high level of fluoride in drinking water has been reported in Algeria [39]. Since the fluoride studies in Algeria are limited to Southern and Saharan region of Algeria, about 48 fluoride data were collected from different studies in these areas in Algeria.…”

Section: Fluoride In Algeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also, believed that the hot and dry climate force people to consume a lot of water that may lead to raise the daily fluoride consumption rate. Besides, Algerian Sahara has been spotlighted as fluorosis endemic areas [39].…”

Section: Fluoride In Algeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Malago¹,

Makoba²,

Muzuka³

2017

AJWSE

123

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Abstract:Fluoride has been reported to be among natural pollutant of water in Africa. High fluoride levels beyond the recommended World Health Organization limit of 1.5 mg/l has been observed in various Africa countries. However, the information is scattered in different publication medium. Therefore, objective of this work was to put together the information on fluoride levels in surface and groundwater in Africa, and describe the status and distribution of fluoride in water among African countries. This study assembled the secondary data of fluoride concentrations in surface and groundwater from the various literatures in African countries. Such countries represent southern, northern, eastern and western Africa. Descriptive statistics was used and results showed that elevated fluoride concentration occurred in countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi, Sudan, Uganda, the Republic of South Africa and Ethiopia. The highest fluoride concentration reported was 2,800 mg/l in Lake Nakuru in Kenya. The high fluoride concentrations in water can be linked to volcanic activities, presence of thermal waters especially those with high pH, gases emitted from earth's crust, granitic and gneissic rocks. The high fluoride in water is severe in countries located in East African Rift Valley like Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. However, all the incidences of highest fluoride levels in water in the Rift Valley countries were found in surface water bodies. This is contrary, as it is expected groundwater to be more concentrated as compared to surface water due to more water rock interaction than in surface water bodies. There was no single study among many studies has reported the long term trend of concentration of fluoride in water with time. Thus, the effort to establish long term trend of fluoride concentration in water should be taken in consideration. This helps to predict future concentration of fluoride and possibility to minimize future risks. Also, fluorosis has also been reported to be endemic in fluoritic areas of Africa though, little is known on other fluoride negative effects. Therefore, more efforts should concentrate on finding appropriate defluoridation techniques to be applied while considering the cost of operation, efficiency, practicability, easy application and environmental friendly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such countries include Algeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria the Republic of South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] (Fig. 11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluoride In Algeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluoride In Algeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Malago¹,

Makoba²,

Muzuka³

2017

AJWSE

123

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Development and optimization of the extraction process of natural dye from Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. Leaves using response surface methodology (RSM)

et al. 2015

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The extraction of colorant from Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. leaves was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The combined effects of extraction conditions (sodium hydroxide concentration, sample weight, and extraction time and temperature) on the total phenolic content (TPC) and color yield (K/S) were studied using three-levels three-factors Box-Behnken design. The optimum conditions for dye extraction were found to be 0.25 mol/l, 65 min, 88 o C and 52.5 g/l for sodium hydroxide concentration, extraction time and temperature, and mass of the leaves powder respectively. The efficiency of extraction under these optimum conditions was found to be 1.12 g/l of phenolics and color yield equal to 11.20. Further, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) was used to identify the major phenolic compounds in the dye extract such as gallic acid, quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferon.

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High-resolution Alos Palsar for the Characterization of Water Storage at the Fountaine Des Gazelles Dam in Biskra, Eastern Algeria

Bendib

2021

J Indian Soc Remote Sens

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Water in Algerian Sahara: Environmental and Health impact

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Development and optimization of the extraction process of natural dye from Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. Leaves using response surface methodology (RSM)

High-resolution Alos Palsar for the Characterization of Water Storage at the Fountaine Des Gazelles Dam in Biskra, Eastern Algeria

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