Water holdup measurement of oil–water two-phase flow in a horizontal well using a dual-circle conductance probe array

Abstract

This paper presents a minimum root-mean-square error (RMSE)-based method for a dual-circle conductance probe array to measure the water holdup of an oil-water two-phase flow in a horizontal oil well. The dual-circle conductance probe array consisting of 24 conductance probes, half of which are equidistantly distributed on a 34 mm radius inner circle and the other half on a 48 mm radius outer circle, is used to estimate the oil-water interface and hence the water holdup in the horizontal oil well. For the same water holdup, the number of probes immersed in water may vary with varying the azimuth angle due to the limited number of probes. The limited number of probes and unknown azimuth angle of the probe array in the oil well limit the measurement accuracy of the water holdup. In order to obtain a better water holdup estimate, a water holdup measurement method based on the minimum RMSE was proposed to decrease the effects of the limited number of probes and unknown azimuth angle of the probe array. To verify the proposed method, numerical simulations were carried out and compared with the commonly used equi-weight estimate method; results showed that the RMSE of the water holdup estimates obtained using the proposed method is smaller than that when using the equi-weight estimate method. Experiments were implemented in a 16 m long and 125 mm inner diameter horizontal pipe on an industrial-scale experimental multiphase flow setup in the Daqing Oil Field, China. The RMSEs of water holdup estimates obtained using the proposed and equi-weight estimate methods are 0.0632 and 0.0690, respectively, showing that the proposed method is better than the equi-weight estimate method.

A Novel Combined Conductance Sensor for Water Cut Measurement of Low-Velocity Oil-Water Flow in Horizontal and Slightly Inclined Pipes

“…The high speed camera method [5] has high resolution, has no interference to the flow and presents the intuitional visual performance, but the performance of it is restricted by the bottom-hole opaque and oil contamination. The full-bore tomographic method has electrical capacitance tomography [6], [7] and electrical resistance tomography [8], [9]: the electrical capacitance tomography utilizes the different permittivity of the fluid phase to carry on image reconstruction for the information obtained by the array capacitance sensors in different places of the full bole, but for using this method in the practical application, the oil phase needs to be continuous; the electrical resistance tomography utilizes the different conductivity of the fluid phase to carry on image reconstruction for the information obtained by the array impedance sensors in different places of the full bole, but this method is severely affected by the temperature and mineralization degree. The full-bore tomographic method, mainly including ECT and ERT techniques, could measure multiple parameters and has potential advantages in describing the downhole conditions, notwithstanding their advantages, these tomographic methods need more sensors, more complex manufacturing processes, high cost and complicated tomographic algorithms which would limit their actual application in oil-field logging [10], [11].…”