Water hammer phenomenon in pumping stations: A stability investigation based on root locus

Abstract

In this article, a numerical model based on site theory is developed to study the stability of a pipeline system consisting of a valve, pipe, and surge tank. In the study, four parameters were studied to see how they impact the water hammer phenomenon. They are the pressure in the pipelines, the velocity of the flow, diameter of the conduit carrying liquid, and the liquid’s density. The equations are programmed, analyzed, and graphed using MATLAB. The stability analysis shows that the force of the water hammer is significant at low frequencies and for large diameters. The high frequency of a particular pipe is affected by the type of material the pipe is made from, the method of installation, and the friction coefficient of the inner surface. High frequencies reduce the impact of water hammer forces. Among the main parameters listed, it is found that the oscillations of liquids of low density are higher in the case of water hammers.

Expert-Informed Hierarchical Diagnostics of Multiple Fault Modes of a Spacecraft Propulsion System

“…Water hammer is a phenomenon, which occurs at start-up of a spacecraft during the rapid opening and closing of valves on a liquid-carrying pipeline, and is characterized by sudden pressure peaks and fluctuations. The sudden pressure peak due to water hammer can result in catastrophic failures (Bandyopadhyay & Majumdar, 2014;Bombardieri, Traudt, & Manfletti, 2019;Al-Khayat, Al-Fatlawi, Al-Baghdadi, & Al-Waily, 2022;Tominaga et al, 2023). Water hammer is generated in the experimental propulsion system by opening and closing solenoid valves (PHM Society, 2023).…”