Water governs the mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)

Li, Lujuan; Xu, Xiaodong; Liu, Lei; Song, Pingan; Cao, Qi; Xu, Zhiguang; Fang, Zhengping; Wang, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123330

Cited by 50 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These findings were not in contradiction with this work because, as the above TGA analysis showed, all the investigated films in this work contained a small amount of water of about 5 wt%. Taking into account this fact, our tensile stress-strain curve of the PVA film was relatively in good agreement with the literature [ 81 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It was observed that all samples behaved in a ductile manner: they showed a local maximum in the stress-strain curve, after which a yield behavior was observed. Li et al [ 81 ] found that completely dried pure PVA films were brittle, i.e., exhibited brittle failure without yield and had a high tensile strength of around 100 MPa, while the presence of even a small amount of water made the films ductile (showing a yield behavior) and reduced substantially their tensile strength and modulus. These findings were not in contradiction with this work because, as the above TGA analysis showed, all the investigated films in this work contained a small amount of water of about 5 wt%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Structure, Thermal Behavior, and Viscoelastic Properties of Nanodiamond-Reinforced Poly (vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites

et al. 2021

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In this work, advanced polymer nanocomposites comprising of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nanodiamonds (NDs) were developed using a single-step solution-casting method. The properties of the prepared PVA/NDs nanocomposites were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was revealed that the tensile strength improved dramatically with increasing ND content in the PVA matrix, suggesting a strong interaction between the NDs and the PVA. SEM, TEM, and SAXS showed that NDs were present in the form of agglomerates with an average size of ~60 nm with primary particles of diameter ~5 nm. These results showed that NDs could act as a good nanofiller for PVA in terms of improving its stability and mechanical properties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Structure, Thermal Behavior, and Viscoelastic Properties of Nanodiamond-Reinforced Poly (vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites

et al. 2021

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“…As the presence of water can lower the T g of PVA below room temperature, the activated segmental mobility of PVA chains enables them to interdiffuse mututally until a thermodyamic difussion equilbrium reaches. [32] The healing process is facilated by small HCPA molecules due to Biocompatibility of as-developed PVA/HCPE nanocomposites is assessed in the light of their promising applications of as artificial ligaments. After culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cells on the film with a central nucleus for 72 h, cell morphologies of both PVA and PVA/5.0HCPE films are almost the same as the control group (Figure 5a; Figure S24, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32] In addition, the presence of water can replace PVA-PVA or PVA-HCPE H-bonds with PVA-water or HCPE-water H-bonds, resulting in the plasticization effect via weakening intermolecular interactions of PVA and HCPE. [32] For the ε b and τ, their maximum values are still observed in PVA/5.0HCPE at 50% RH, further indicating that 5.0 wt% of HCPE is the optimum concentration in terms of achieving the highest ductility and toughness. Moreover, the PVA/5.0HCPE film exhibits a good reprocessability and there are no significant reductions in mechanical properties after two reprocessing cycles, suggesting that such a dynamic nanoconfinement is thermodynamically reversible (Figure S9, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because a higher content (>5.0 wt%) of water at a relatively high RH leads to a lubricating effect on the PVA chain mobility. [32] In addition, the presence of water can replace PVA-PVA or PVA-HCPE H-bonds with PVA-water or HCPE-water H-bonds, resulting in the plasticization effect via weakening intermolecular interactions of PVA and HCPE. [32] For the ε b and τ, their maximum values are still observed in PVA/5.0HCPE at 50% RH, further indicating that 5.0 wt% of HCPE is the optimum concentration in terms of achieving the highest ductility and toughness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Nanoconfinement Enabled Highly Stretchable and Supratough Polymeric Materials with Desirable Healability and Biocompatibility

et al. 2021

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such as aerospace, transportation, and biological engineering. [2,3] In general, the combination of great toughness, large ductility, and high strength in polymers is essential for enabling their real-world applications. However, existing strengthening and/or toughening strategies fail to realize the desirable mechanical combination in polymers owing to mutually exclusive governing mechanisms between strength and modulus. [4] In addition, the ability to self-heal is another desirable yet key factor for extending their lifespan after damage, [5][6][7] whereas a good biocompatibility is a prerequisite for their practical applications as artificial tissues. For example, in addition to the lack of a selfhealing ability, existing artificial ligament materials usually suffer from lower ductility and/or toughness relative to natural counterparts. [8,9] Therefore, it has been highly attractive but remained a grand challenge to create strong, tough, and ductile polymeric materials that are also healable and biocompatible so far.Many natural materials such as nacre, [10,11] bones, [12] and spider silk fibers (SSF) [13] are valid examples of how the evolutionary forces address the issue of the trade-off between mechanical strength and stretchability. In particular, SSF exhibits an outstanding fracture toughness over 150 J g −1 and a large breaking strain (>50%) as well as high tensile strength (>1 GPa). [14] The unique mechanical combination has been revealed to originate from Lightweight polymeric materials are highly attractive platforms for many potential industrial applications in aerospace, soft robots, and biological engineering fields. For these real-world applications, it is vital for them to exhibit a desirable combination of great toughness, large ductility, and high strength together with desired healability and biocompatibility. However, existing material design strategies usually fail to achieve such a performance portfolio owing to their different and even mutually exclusive governing mechanisms. To overcome these hurdles, herein, for the first time a dynamic hydrogen-bonded nanoconfinement concept is proposed, and the design of highly stretchable and supratough biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with well-dispersed dynamic nanoconfinement phases induced by hydrogenbond (H-bond) crosslinking is demonstrated. Because of H-bond crosslinking and dynamic nanoconfinement, the as-prepared PVA nanocomposite film exhibits a world-record toughness of 425 ± 31 MJ m −3 in combination with a tensile strength of 98 MPa and a large break strain of 550%, representing the best of its kind and even outperforming most natural and artificial materials. In addition, the final polymer exhibits a good self-healing ability and biocompatibility. This work affords new opportunities for creating mechanically robust, healable, and biocompatible polymeric materials, which hold great promise for applications, such as soft robots and artificial ligaments.

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Ultratough and Highly Conductive Supramolecular Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Eutectogels via a Sequentially Enhanced Strategy

Du,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Eutectogels, composed of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and polymeric networks, are promising as pivotal components in flexible energy storage, soft robotics, wearable electronic devices, etc. However, an inherent trade‐off between ionic conductivity and mechanical properties, which stems from the antagonism between the DES and polymeric networks, restricts the advancement of eutectogels. Herein, a sequentially enhanced strategy via freeze‐casting, solvent exchanges, and wet annealing to construct supramolecular poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) eutectogels with ultratough mechanical properties and high ionic conductivity is proposed. The trade‐off is reconciled by building aligned through‐pores to facilitate efficient ion transport and by further rationally regulating the aggregation structures of PVA chains to reinforce the supporting networks. Consequently, the resulting supramolecular PVA eutectogels demonstrate state‐of‐the‐art mechanical‐conductive comprehensive performances among existing eutectogels with an elongation of 3281%, a toughness of 196 MJ m−3, a fatigue threshold of 1100 J m−2, and ionic conductivity of 5.2 mS cm−1. These appealing characteristics are highly desirable for advanced soft conductors. This study will provide insights into designing next‐generation high‐performance supramolecular materials for flexible electronics is believed.

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Water governs the mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)

Cited by 50 publications

References 49 publications

Study on Structure, Thermal Behavior, and Viscoelastic Properties of Nanodiamond-Reinforced Poly (vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites

Study on Structure, Thermal Behavior, and Viscoelastic Properties of Nanodiamond-Reinforced Poly (vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites

Dynamic Nanoconfinement Enabled Highly Stretchable and Supratough Polymeric Materials with Desirable Healability and Biocompatibility

Ultratough and Highly Conductive Supramolecular Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Eutectogels via a Sequentially Enhanced Strategy

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