Water Footprint (ISO 14046) in Latin America, State of the Art and Recommendations for Assessment and Communication

Martínez-Arce, Andrés; Chargoy, Juan Pablo; Puerto, Maly; Rojas, Diana; Suppen, Nydia

doi:10.3390/environments5110114

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…More than 14.8 million km 2 surface in LAC has renewable water resources per capita per year on average greater than 20,000 m 3 (Figure 2). However, its spatial and temporal distribution causes water scarcity in extensive areas such as Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru [50,51]. Besides, Latin America and the Caribbean exhibit many problems in the management and the governance of water in addition to poor infrastructure conditions and contamination of water resources [52].…”

Section: Water Resources In Latin America and The Caribbeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Context in Latin America and the Caribbean: Distribution, Regulations and Prospects for Water Reuse and Reclamation

Rodríguez

Garcı́a

Pinto

et al. 2022

Water

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Water scarcity is a problem of global relevance that is affecting more and more people in the world. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have around 35% of the world’s renewable water resources. However, the management of water resources and inequality in access to water has made water scarcity a problem of growing interest in the region. The reuse of water could be an efficient measure to reduce the demand for water resources in the area. In particular, the reuse of greywater is a simple and decentralized method of water reuse, which would mitigate the impact of the lack of water in isolated or difficult-to-access areas. Using the Aquastat database, water consumption in the world and water availability in LAC were studied. In addition, the regulatory framework for water in LAC countries was studied, with an emphasis on water reuse and greywater legislation. Agriculture is one of the most demanding of water in the world, particularly, in LAC, which demands around 70% of renewable water resources. Furthermore, in LAC, the availability of drinking water in rural areas is lacking, with seven countries having less than 80% access to healthy drinking water. The water regulation in LAC is quite heterogeneous. The most general regulation around water is found in the political constitutions of each country. Some constitutions explicitly indicate access to water as a human right, while other constitutions do not include information in this regard. Although some countries have specific regulations on the reuse of wastewater, there is a general lack of regulations related to the reuse of greywater. In most cases, the term “greywater” is not even defined in the general water and wastewater laws. As of the date of this article, only Chile, Peru, and Brazil have bills to regulate the reuse of greywater, of which only the Chilean is approved. The reuse of greywater could help reduce water demand for non-drinking uses. However, the implementation of greywater treatment systems represents a cost that is difficult to cover, especially in the poorest countries of the region. Countries must improve their public policies to improve the management, use and reuse of water to mitigate water scarcity that severely affects human consumption in the region. The relevance of this study lies in providing a general framework of the water situation in LAC for studies and public policies focused on promoting water reuse as a measure to mitigate water scarcity.

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Section: Water Resources In Latin America and The Caribbeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Context in Latin America and the Caribbean: Distribution, Regulations and Prospects for Water Reuse and Reclamation

Rodríguez

Garcı́a

Pinto

et al. 2022

Water

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“…This methodological option can assess the potential impact of products, services, or production processes comprehensively, since it considers not only the water quantity but also its quality in the life cycle approach [7][8][9]. ISO standard 14046 presents another methodological option to the traditional water footprint proposed by Hoekstra [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Water in Sport Equine Production in Argentina: A Case Study

et al. 2021

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The application of life cycle assessment method (LCA) to animal production is a methodological option to assess the potential impact of products, services, or production processes in a comprehensive way as it considers both the quantity and quality of water in the life cycle approach. In this paper, the water footprint of jumping sport horses’ production has been determined using the LCA methodology for the first time ever. The results of this paper show that the production of medium- and high-performance sport horses uses a large amount of water. However, modifications to the diet (type and percentage of oils in the supplement, place of origin of feed, etc.) and in the management and destination of waste (animal box beds) can result in a reduction of the water requirement and the environmental impact of production. This type of studies should be developed in different farms in the future in order to give producers management alternatives that improve the sustainability of productions.

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Energy and Environment: Sustainable Development Goals and Global Policy Landscape

Proskuryakova

Логинова

2021

Energy and Environmental Security in Developing Countries

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Water Footprint (ISO 14046) in Latin America, State of the Art and Recommendations for Assessment and Communication

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Water Context in Latin America and the Caribbean: Distribution, Regulations and Prospects for Water Reuse and Reclamation

Water Context in Latin America and the Caribbean: Distribution, Regulations and Prospects for Water Reuse and Reclamation

Life Cycle Assessment of Water in Sport Equine Production in Argentina: A Case Study

Energy and Environment: Sustainable Development Goals and Global Policy Landscape

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