Water flow in non-saturated swelling soil

Karalis, T. K.

doi:10.1016/0020-7225(93)90122-b

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Hueckel (1992a,b) extended Terzaghi's principle of effective stress by postulating an a priori equality of the skeletal and absorbed water isotropic partial stresses, and an explicit chemical strain additive with mechanical strain, focusing on its impact on plasticity. Karalis (1993) dealing with simultaneous chemical and capillary swelling discussed a number of ad hoc constitutive functions devised to describe both types of swelling. Bennethum and Cushman (1999) and Murad (1999) have addressed the transfer of water into interlamellar space in clays through a two-or three-spatial scale modeling using homogenization schemes.…”

Section: Previous Mechanical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemo-mechanical coupling in saturated porous media: elastic–plastic behaviour of homoionic expansive clays

Loret

Hueckel

Gajo

2002

International Journal of Solids and Structures

121

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Chemically active saturated homoionic clays are considered in a two-phase framework. The solid phase contains the clay particles, absorbed water and salt. The fluid phase, or pore water, contains free water and salt. Water, and possibly salt, can transfer between the two phases. In addition free water may diffuse through the porous medium. A global understanding of the phenomena involved, namely deformation, transfer and diffusion, is proposed. Emphasis is laid on the chemo-mechanical constitutive equations in an elastic-plastic setting. Elastic chemo-mechanical coupling is introduced through a potential, in such a way that the tangent poro-elasticity matrix remains symmetric. Material parameters needed to quantify the coupling are calibrated from specific experiments available in the recent literature. The elasto-plastic behaviour aims at reproducing qualitatively and quantitatively the typical experimental responses observed on almost pure Na-Montmorillonite clays during chemical and mixed chemo-mechanical loadings. Increase of the salinity of pore water at a constant confinement stress leads to a volume decrease, so-called chemical consolidation. Subsequent exposure to a distilled water solution produces swelling: however, the latter is smaller than the chemical consolidation so that the chemical loading cycle results in a net contractancy, the amount of which increases with the confinement. In fact, plastic yielding takes place at low salinities of pore water, and when it stops, chemical preconsolidation is generated.Natural clays which contain cations of different species are considered in a companion paper, Gajo et al. [Int. J. Solids Struct., this issue], as they require to account for electro-chemo-mechanical couplings. Ó

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Section: Previous Mechanical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemo-mechanical coupling in saturated porous media: elastic–plastic behaviour of homoionic expansive clays

Loret

Hueckel

Gajo

2002

International Journal of Solids and Structures

121

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“…To describe cracks pattern formation and the stress-state inside a morpheme, after cracking, one has to find from the U related state function, the state function Φ T (=U − T S); U being the internal energy, and ΔΦ T the free energy lost for shrinkage at constant temperature T [9][10][11][12]14]. To evaluate Φ T analytically, we consider the change in the work done, dW , for a general small change in displacement due to a shrinkage dx i j :…”

Section: Shrinkage-cracks Formation and Solidification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for regular desiccation cracks formation

Karalis

2012

Acta Mech

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A desiccation theory is developed providing a rational framework for a three-dimensional analysis of shrinkage and crack formation in a stiff clay surface layer. With the present model, we are estimating the shrinkage stress and the chemical potential variation in a morpheme produced after cracking, in a stiff clay surface layer, in terms of measurable quantities. In regular shrinkage morphemes, the shrinkage stresses are calculated from the shrinkage displacement and moisture content change. Other parameters such as the water mobility are introduced in order to express the chemical potential and the entropy changes in terms of the moisture content change and temperature at various instants of time. List of symbolsA Elemental section of an area exposed by a new crack a Coefficient E Young's modulus e Linear strain G Critical strain energy released rate h Interstitial fluid pressure h o Constant of integration J a T Desorbed flux of water K (= P h /P v ) Coefficient of lateral stress L Major diameter of a soil column formed after cracking (assumed elliptical) L c T Wave length of maximum shrinkage m w Mass of water M a T Water transportivity coefficient N Normal on the external surface P h , P v Lateral and vertical force driving shrinkage P i j Direct shear forces driving shrinkage r Internal radius of the morpheme

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“…With the local reference bulk-phase pressure p characterized by (44) we may now pursue a generalized pointwise de"nition for the swelling pressure at non-equilibrium and also rewrite the modi"ed Terzaghi's principle (23) in terms of p rather than p. For t and t given as in (23) and (24) de"ne as…”

Section: Hmt Swelling Pressure and An Alternative Form Of The Modifiementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical model of hydration swelling in smectitic clays: I two-scale mixture-theory approach

Murad

1999

Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech.

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A thermomechanical theory of hydration swelling in smectitic clays is proposed. The clay is treated as a three-scale swelling system wherein macroscopic governing equations are derived by upscaling the microstructure. At the microscale the model has two phases, the disjoint clay platelets and adsorbed water (water between the platelets). At the intermediate (meso) scale (the homogenized microscale) the model consists of clay particles (adsorbed water plus clay platelets) and bulk water. At the macroscale the medium is treated as an homogenized swelling mixture of clay particles and bulk-phase water with thermodynamic properties de"ned everywhere within the macroscopic body. In Part I, the mesoscopic model governing the swelling of the clay particles is derived using a mixture-theoretic approach and the Coleman and Noll method of exploitation of the entropy inequality. Application of this procedure leads to two-scale governing equations which generalize the classical thermoelastic consolidation model of non-swelling media, as they exhibit additional physico-chemical and viscous-type terms accounting for hydration stresses between the adsorbed #uid and the clay minerals. In Part II the two-scale model is applied to a bentonitic clay used for engineered barrier of nuclear waste repository. The clay bu!er is assumed to have monomodal character with most of the water essentially adsorbed. Further, partial results toward a three-scale thermomechanical macroscopic model including the bulk phase next to the swelling particles are derived by homogenizing the two-scale model with the bulk water. A notable consequence of this three-scale approach is that it provides a rational basis for the appearance of a generalized inter-phase mass transfer between adsorbed and bulk water.

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Water flow in non-saturated swelling soil

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Chemo-mechanical coupling in saturated porous media: elastic–plastic behaviour of homoionic expansive clays

Chemo-mechanical coupling in saturated porous media: elastic–plastic behaviour of homoionic expansive clays

A model for regular desiccation cracks formation

Thermomechanical model of hydration swelling in smectitic clays: I two-scale mixture-theory approach

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