Water flow and transport in porous media for in-silico espresso coffee

Effects of grind size and brew time upon sensory traits, consumer likability and antioxidant activity of Arabica cold brew

“…Compounds within coffee grinds have been shown to dissolve into the surrounding aqueous environment at different rates and in response to different micro‐environmental shifts (Giacomini et al ., 2020). Coupled with the possibility of nonadditive molecular interaction effects, this suggests a feasible means by which the attributes of cold brew could differ greatly and nonlinearly according to processing parameters of cold brew.…”

Computer Percolation Models for Espresso Coffee: State of the Art, Results and Future Perspectives

“…In this paper, we investigate the EC extraction process by a mathematical model to characterise an espresso beverage through the identification of the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. Such a study enlarges and completes the model proposed in [17], introducing the dynamics of all the most important compounds in a coffee cup, considering wide extraction conditions, different granulometries of the coffee powder and different coffee varieties. In particular, we analyse a detailed physico-chemical model of water percolation in a porous medium to compute the amount of each chemical compound at the end of the extraction process with prescribed geometrical and physical parameters and the respective initial concentrations in the coffee powder.…”

“…The books [22,23] provide a general formalisation of percolation processes. A preliminary study of the percolation model used in this work can be found in [17]. This model is based on some key hypotheses:…”

“…The preparation method for bioactive compounds analysis such as alkaloids, chlorogenic acids, organic acids and phenolic acids in EC and R&G coffee was performed by following previous procedures [8,17]. Briefly, EC sample was diluted 1:50 in mobile phase, centrifuged at 13,000 rpm (revolutions per minute) for 10 min (minute) and filtered using 0.45 µm filter.…”

“…All these one-dimensional percolation models have the advantage to be simple computational tools to predict the global water flow and extraction dynamics, considering quantities averaged over the whole domain or over some domain sections [16]. The only three-dimensional model, considering the main percolation processes and endowed with numerical simulations and a preliminary experimental validation, can be found in [17].…”