Water ferns Azolla spp. (Azollaceae) as new host plants for the small China-mark moth, Cataclysta lemnata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae)

Abstract

Abstract. Water ferns (Azolla spp., Azollaceae) are reported for the first time as host plants for the larvae of the small China-mark moth Cataclysta lemnata (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Acentropinae) in rice fields and waterways of northern Iran. Cataclysta lemnata is a semi-aquatic species that has been recorded to feed on Lemnaceae and a few other aquatic plants. However, it has not been reported before on Azolla spp. Larvae use water fern as food source and shelter and, at high population density in the laboratory, they completely wiped water fern from the water surface. Feeding was confirmed after rearing more than eight continual generations of C. lemnata on water fern in the laboratory. Adults obtained this way are darker and have darker fuscous markings in both sexes compared with specimens previously reported and the pattern remains unchanged after several generations.

Far-Red Light-Induced Azolla filiculoides Symbiosis Sexual Reproduction: Responsive Transcripts of Symbiont Nostoc azollae Encode Transporters Whilst Those of the Fern Relate to the Angiosperm Floral Transition

“…More work is needed to verify whether these South American strains represent a new species of Azolla . The phylogenetic position of the Anzali accession analyzed here was consistent with the observations of several distinct-looking Azolla in the Anzali lagoon (Farahpour-Haghani et al, 2017 ), and suggested that not only A. filiculoides may have been released as nitrogen biofertilizer.…”

Control of theAzollasymbiosis sexual reproduction: ferns to shed light on the origin of floral regulation?

“…Anzali ferns were not A. filiculoides but related to species from Uruguay and Southern Brazil which did not cluster with, ( Figure 2) and did not have the single-celled papillae of the traditional A. caroliniana species (Pereira et al, 2001; Supplemental Figure 3). Position of the Anzali accession was consistent with observations of distinct Azolla ferns in the Anzali lagoon (Farahpour-Haghani et al, 2017), and suggests that not only A. filiculoides may have been released as nitrogen biofertilizer.…”

Role of Azolla Pinnata Biofertilizer Extract in Producing Healthy Tomatoes

“…Azolla is a genus of 5 to 8 varieties of suspended marine plants that previously belongs to family Saliviniaceae [7], while modern researches put Azolla in family Azollaceae [8] which is a family of heterosporous ferns in the order Salviniales [9]. Azolla also was known as Mosquito ferns or Duckweed that create a mutual partnership with cyanobacteria with the ability to fix Nitrogen [10,11,12].…”