Water evaporation from cracked soil under moist conditions as related to crack properties and near‐surface wind speed

Poulsen, Torben; Cai, Weiling; Garg, Ankit

doi:10.1111/ejss.12926

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A full factorial experimental plan was designed considering possible coupled effects of combinations of low and high levels of all parameters [56]. To meet the practical engineering slope design, as suggested by [57], [58], and [59], the authors considered mild (7 • ) and moderate slopes (20 • ) in combination with four other factors (slope gradient, compaction, rainfall, and slope length) [57][58][59].…”

Section: Test Plan and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Erosion of Biochar Amended Soils

2022

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Recently, incentives have been provided in developed countries by the government for commercial production of biochar for soil treatment, and other construction uses with an aim to reduce a significant amount of carbon emissions by 2030. Biochar is an important material for the development of circular economy. This study aims to develop a simple Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based model to predict erosion of biochar amended soils (BAS) under varying conditions (slope length, slope gradient, rainfall rate, degree of compaction (DoC), and percentage of biochar amendments). Accordingly, a model has been developed to estimate the total erosion rate and total water flow rate as a function of the above conditions. The model was developed based on available data from flume experiments. Based on ANN modelling results, it was observed that slope length was the most important factor in determining total erosion rate, followed by slope gradient, DoC, and percentage of biochar amendment. The percentage of biochar amendment was a leading factor in the total water flow rate determination as compared to other factors. It was also found that the reduction in erosion is relatively minimal during an increase in slope length up to 1.55 m, reducing sharply beyond that. At a slope length of 2 m, erosion is found to be reduced by 33% (i.e., 2.6 to 1.75), whereas the total flow rate decreases linearly from 1250 mL/m2/min to 790 mL/m2/min. The ANN model developed shows that soil biochar composite (SBC) with 5% biochar amendment gave the best results in reducing soil erosion. This study can be a helpful tool in providing preliminary guidelines for using biochar in erosion control.

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Section: Test Plan and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Erosion of Biochar Amended Soils

2022

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“…Biochar in soil materials can change the soil cohesive power to affect the desiccation cracking characteristics of clay (Zhang et al 2020). The development of soil surface cracks has several negative impacts, such as threatening soil stability and facilitating evaporation and infiltration (Wan et al 2019;Poulsen, et al 2020). However, unexpectedly, our results…”

Section: Dynamics Of Soil Surface Cracks Owing To the Influences Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Moss Colonization and Biochar Application on Evaporation Losses and Surface Crack in Shallow Carbonate–Derived Laterite During Dry–Wet Cycles

Che

Liu

She

2021

Preprint

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AimsSoil water deficit in karst mountain lands is becoming an issue of concern owing to porous, fissured, and soluble nature of underlying karst bedrock. It is important to identify feasible methods to facilitate soil water preservation in karst mountainous lands. This study aims to seek the possibility of combined utilization of moss colonization and biochar application to reduce evaporation losses in carbonate-derived laterite.MethodsThe treatments of the experiments at micro-lysimeter included four moss spore amounts (0, 30, 60, and 90 g·m−2) and four biochar application levels (0, 100, 400, and 700 g·m−3). The dynamics of moss coverage, characteristics of soil surface cracks and surface temperature field were identified. An empirical evaporation model considering the interactive effects of moss colonization and biochar application was proposed and assessed.ResultsMoss colonization reduced significantly the ratio of soil desiccation cracks. Relative cumulative evaporation decreased linearly with increasing moss coverage under four biochar application levels. Biochar application reduced critical moss coverage associated with inhibition of evaporation by 33.26%-44.34%. The empirical evaporation model enabled the calculation of soil evaporation losses under moss colonization and biochar application, with the R2 values ranging from 0.94 to 0.99.Conclusions Our result showed that the artificially cultivated moss, which was induced by moss spores and biochar, decreased soil evaporation by reducing soil surface cracks, increasing soil moisture and soil surface temperature.Moss colonization and biochar application has the potential to facilitate soil moisture conservation in karst mountain lands.

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“…Key soil physical parameters are soil water content, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and gas permeability (Diaz et al, 2005; Wilson et al, 1994). Important surface features are cracks, undulations, protrusions and other obstacles that will alter near‐surface wind flow pattern (Al‐Okalili et al, 2020; Davarzani et al, 2014; Gao et al, 2020; Haghighi & Or, 2015; Lehmann et al, 2008; Neriah et al, 2014; Poulsen et al, 2020; Ritchie & Adams, 1974). Such surface features will also affect the amount of solar radiation energy received at the soil surface locally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such surface features will also affect the amount of solar radiation energy received at the soil surface locally. Thus, in soils with uneven surfaces, evaporation and near‐surface water content at the local scale, are strongly dependent on local variations in soil surface geometry (Gao et al, 2020; Haghighi & Or, 2015; Poulsen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of existing, experimental studies on water evaporation from wind‐exposed soil surfaces, are focused on soils with flat surfaces, while the number of studies involving soils with uneven surfaces, although still substantial, is considerably smaller. Some examples are Athanassiadou and Castro (2001), Dawkins and Davies (1981), Dobberschütz (2014), Gao et al (2020), Haghighi and Or (2015), Poggi et al (2007), Poulsen et al (2020), Sugita and Kishii (2002), Verma and Cermak (1974a, 1974b) and Zilker and Hanratty (1979). Most of the latter studies, however, consider evaporation as averaged over larger scales (from m 2 to ha) and/or do not provide sufficiently detailed information about local near‐surface atmospheric conditions (wind speed profiles, wind turbulence patterns, air humidity or air temperature) or the geometry of surface features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local‐scale evaporation and water loss distribution in surface soil as related to near‐surface wind conditions and surface geometry

Poulsen

et al. 2021

European J Soil Science

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Local (cm) scale water loss distribution and evaporation in soil with flat and furrowed surfaces as a function of near‐surface wind speed and wind direction was investigated. Four levels of average main wind speed (10 cm above furrow ridge summits, 0, 1, 3 and 5 m·s−1), three main wind directions (compared to the direction of the furrows, 0°, 45° and 90°) and two levels of relative air humidity (70% and 86%) were considered. Experiments were conducted under controlled (wind tunnel) conditions, using 50 cm diameter and 15 cm height soil samples. For furrowed samples, 6 cm high ridges with 12 cm distance between ridge tops were used. Resulting wind speed profiles above ridge tops were relatively similar (for the same main wind speed), regardless of wind direction, but differed greatly in the valleys between ridges depending on especially wind direction. Strong indication of standing eddies on the lee side of furrow ridges for wind directions ≥45° was found. Local evaporative water loss spatial distribution in furrowed soil, was strongly dependent on wind direction, while local evaporation rates depended strongly on main wind speed and relative humidity level. Significantly higher evaporative water losses were observed at the wind‐exposed ridge slopes (for wind directions ≥45°) compared to lee slopes. Highlights Local (cm) scale water loss in furrowed soil under windy conditions was investigated. Wind speed profiles between furrow ridges were strongly dependent on wind direction. Local water loss was significantly higher on windward slopes in furrowed soil. Local water loss spatial distribution was strongly dependent on wind direction.

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Water evaporation from cracked soil under moist conditions as related to crack properties and near‐surface wind speed

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Application of Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Erosion of Biochar Amended Soils

Application of Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Erosion of Biochar Amended Soils

The Influence of Moss Colonization and Biochar Application on Evaporation Losses and Surface Crack in Shallow Carbonate–Derived Laterite During Dry–Wet Cycles

Local‐scale evaporation and water loss distribution in surface soil as related to near‐surface wind conditions and surface geometry

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