Water escape performance of adult RCS dystrophic and congenic rats: a functional and histomorphometric study

DiLoreto, David A.; Cerro, Manuel del; Reddy, Satya V.; Janardhan, Sujit; Cox, Christopher; Wyatt, Jeffrey D.; Balkema, Grant W.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00095-9

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A logical extension of this argument is that oxygen toxicity of outer retina may be a factor in the senescence of the retina, and that treatments which slow late stage dystrophies will slow senescent changes. We are currently testing this idea in models of retinal senescence in the rat (Shinowara et al (1982); Lai et al, 1978;DiLoreto et al, 1996).…”

Section: Hyperbaric Hyperoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of photoreceptor death and survival in mammalian retina

Stone

Maslim

Valter-Kocsi

et al. 1999

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

251

195

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Section: Hyperbaric Hyperoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of photoreceptor death and survival in mammalian retina

Stone

Maslim

Valter-Kocsi

et al. 1999

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

251

195

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“…The water escape task test was a variant of a visual acuity task used previously in rats 33. A cylindrical pool (1 m in diameter) colored with white nontoxic paint was filled with water at 23°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 9-cis-Retinyl Acetate Therapy inRpe65^−/−Mice

Maeda

Maeda²,

Casadesús

et al. 2009

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE Mice lacking retinal pigment epithelium–specific 65-kDa protein (RPE65) develop retinopathy and blindness resembling Leber congenital amaurosis. Effects of 9-cis-retinyl acetate (9-cis-R-Ac) on visual function and retinopathy progression were tested in Rpe65−/− mice. METHODS Young C57Bl/6 mice were given 9-cis-R-Ac in each of four different oil-based vehicle solutions by gastric gavage to identify the vehicle most suitable for drug delivery by measuring retinoid levels in plasma. Then doses of 9-cis-R-Ac ranging from 1 to 100 mg/kg were administered to 5- to 12-week-old Rpe65−/− mice by different treatment regimens, including single doses and either intermittent or daily doses for various periods up to 8 weeks. Retinoid effects on visual function were evaluated by electroretinography, retinoid analyses, histologic methods, and vision-dependent behavioral testing. RESULTS Soybean oil vehicle provided the highest 9-cis-R-Ac metabolite levels in plasma. Single doses of 9-cis-R-Ac (6.25–50 mg/kg) provided significant dose-dependent improvement in electroretinographic responses. Well-tolerated daily doses (1–12.5 mg/kg) for 2 weeks induced remarkable improvement of retinal function. Significant dose-dependent improvement of electroretinographic responses was observed 6 days after administration of 9-cis-R-Ac daily for 3 days at 1 to 12.5 mg/kg. Mice given either daily or intermittent 9-cis-R-Ac treatment at 1 and 4 mg/kg and evaluated 8 weeks later displayed dose-dependent improvement of retinal function and morphology, whereas retinal function deteriorated in control animals. Treated mice also performed better than control animals in vision-dependent behavioral tests. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with 9-cis-R-Ac improves visual function and preserves retinal morphology in Rpe65−/− mice.

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“…Water escape performance in a water maze has also been used to assess retinal degeneration progression (DiLoreto et al, 1996) as well as evaluation of therapeutic effects of cell-based therapies (Little et al, 1998). Modified water mazes with computer screens were used in some studies for the evaluation of spatial vision (McGill et al, 2004).…”

Section: Visual Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of visual function in Royal College of Surgeon rats using a depth perception visual cliff test

et al. 2019

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Preserving of vision is the main goal in vision research. The presented research evaluates the preservation of visual function in Royal College of Surgeon (RCS) rats using a depth perception test. Rats were placed on a stage with one side containing an illusory steep drop (“cliff”) and another side with a minimal drop (“table”). Latency of stage dismounting and the percentage of rats that set their first foot on the “cliff” side were determined. Nondystrophic Long–Evans (LE) rats were tested as control. Electroretinogram and histology analysis were used to determine retinal function and structure. Four-week-old RCS rats presented a significantly shorter mean latency to dismount the stage compared with 6-week-old rats (mean ± standard error, 13.7 ± 1.68 vs. 20.85 ± 6.5 s, P = 0.018). Longer latencies were recorded as rats aged, reaching 45.72 s in 15-week-old rats (P < 0.00001 compared with 4-week-old rats). All rats at the age of 4 weeks placed their first foot on the table side. By contrast, at the age of 8 weeks, 28.6% rats dismounted on the cliff side and at the age of 10 and 15 weeks, rats randomly dismounted the stage to either table or cliff side. LE rats dismounted the stage faster than 4-week-old RCS rats, but the difference was not statistically significant (7 ± 1.58 s, P = 0.057) and all LE rats dismounted on the table side. The latency to dismount the stage in RCS rats correlated with maximal electroretinogram b-wave under dark and light adaptation (Spearman’s rho test = −0.603 and −0.534, respectively, all P < 0.0001), outer nuclear layer thickness (Spearman’s rho test = −0.764, P = 0.002), and number of S- and M-cones (Spearman’s rho test = −0.763 [P = 0.002], and −0.733 [P = 0.004], respectively). The cliff avoidance test is an objective, quick, and readily available method for the determination of RCS rats’ visual function.

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Water escape performance of adult RCS dystrophic and congenic rats: a functional and histomorphometric study

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Mechanisms of photoreceptor death and survival in mammalian retina

Mechanisms of photoreceptor death and survival in mammalian retina

Evaluation of 9-cis-Retinyl Acetate Therapy inRpe65^−/−Mice

Evaluation of visual function in Royal College of Surgeon rats using a depth perception visual cliff test

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Water escape performance of adult RCS dystrophic and congenic rats: a functional and histomorphometric study

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Mechanisms of photoreceptor death and survival in mammalian retina

Mechanisms of photoreceptor death and survival in mammalian retina

Evaluation of 9-cis-Retinyl Acetate Therapy inRpe65−/−Mice

Evaluation of visual function in Royal College of Surgeon rats using a depth perception visual cliff test

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Product

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Evaluation of 9-cis-Retinyl Acetate Therapy inRpe65^−/−Mice