Water equivalence of polymer gel dosimeters

Sellakumar, P.; Samuel, E. James Jebaseelan; Supe, Sanjay S.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.03.003

Cited by 56 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The weight fractions of elements composition given were close to that for water. From the literature, the weight fractions of elements composition calculated in this study were different from previous study done by Fong et al [1] and Venning et al [10]. This small difference can be attributed to the change in concentration of some main chemical compounds in MAGIC gel, where the quantity of water was increased and the amount of methacrylic acid was reduced.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…The electron density measured was 2.6% greater than that for water. The effective atomic number was close to that for water with small difference with the previous studies [1,10]. This difference can be attributed to the change in the weight fraction of elemental composition.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…So an increase in absorbed dose of MAGIC polymer gel leads to an increase in linear attenuation coefficient. This increase in linear attenuation coefficient is linked to the change in density of the irradiated gel [10]. The depth dose curves for MAGIC gel and water that calculated using Monte Carlo simulation are shown in figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron density and mass density are the most important issue that must be considered for any dosimeter to be used in external radiotherapy treatment [10]. The mass density ( ), electron density ( e ) and effective atomic number (Z) of the MAGIC gel are given in table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been done to investigate water equivalency of different polymer gel dosimetry for photon and electron beam dosimetry [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. MAGIC gel dosimeter has previously been investigated for its radiological interaction properties and radiological water equivalence [1,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiological properties of MAGIC normoxic polymer gel dosimetry

Aljamal¹,

Zakaria²,

Shamsuddin

2013

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Radiological characterization and water equivalency of genipin gel for x-ray and electron beam dosimetry Tina Gorjiara, Robin Hill, Zdenka Kuncic et al. Abstract. For a polymer gel dosimeter to be of use in radiation dosimetry, it should display water-equivalent radiological properties. In this study, the radiological properties of the MAGIC (Methacrylic and Ascorbic acid in Gelatin Initiated by Copper) normoxic polymer gels were investigated. The mass density ( ) was determined based on Archimedes principle. The weight fraction of elemental composition and the effective atomic number (Z eff ) were calculated. The electron density was also measured with 90° scattering angle at room temperature. The linear attenuation coefficient (µ) of unirradiated gel, irradiated gel, and water were determined using Am-241 based on narrow beam geometry. Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the depth doses response of MAGIC gel and water for 6MV photon beam. The weight fractions of elements composition of MAGIC gel were close to that for water. The mass density was found to be 1027 ± 2 kg m 3 , which is also very close to mass density of muscle tissue (1030 kg m 3 ) and 2.7% higher than that of water. The electron density ( e ) and atomic number (Z eff ) were found to be 3.43 × 10 29 e m 3 and 7.105, respectively. The electron density measured was 2.6% greater than that for water. The atomic number was very close to that for water. The prepared MAGIC gel was found to be water equivalent based on the study of element composition, mass density, electron density and atomic number. The linear attenuation coefficient of unirradiated gel was very close to that of water. The µ of irradiated gel was found to be linear with dose 2-40 Gy. The depth dose response for MAGIC gel from a 6 MV photon beam had a percentage dose difference to water of less than 1%. Therefore it satisfies the criteria to be a good polymer gel dosimeter for radiotherapy.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Radiological properties of MAGIC normoxic polymer gel dosimetry

Aljamal¹,

Zakaria²,

Shamsuddin

2013

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Technical Note: Three‐dimensional QA of simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy treatments by a dose‐volume histogram methodology and its comparison with 3D gamma results

et al. 2021

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Purpose Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) presents several attractive advantages to be employed in clinical practice. Its secure application demands a rigorous quality assurance (QA) procedure, ideal for three‐dimensional (3D) dose distribution measurements. Thus, a gel dosimetry methodology to evaluate the dose delivery of SIB treatments is presented and compared to conventional gamma evaluation. Methods MAGIC‐f gel dosimeter with magnetic resonance images for dose reading were used following its standard procedures. Four SIB QA plans created in gel dosimeter phantoms were used. The gel measured and treatment planning system (TPS) calculated doses were compared using 3D gamma analyses (3%/3mm/15% threshold). Two structures were artificially on the TPS dose distribution expected on the phantom by converting the 1.7 and 2.0 Gy isodose levels into structures to represent the treatment. The gel and TPS dose‐volume histogram (DVH) were compared based on five dose points: D95%, D90%, D50%, D10%, and D5%. Results Approvals of 93%, 96%, 98%, and 92% were achieved in the 3D gamma analyses for the plans QA 1, 2, 3, and 4. In the DVH analyses, QA plan 1 measured and expected curves showed a good agreement. QA plan 2 showed deviations in the highest doses for both structures with a maximum deviation (Δmáx) of 8.0%. QA plans 3 and 4 showed the highest dose variation between the gel and TPS in the smaller doses of the DVH (Δmáx of 7.2% and −8.9%, respectively). For QA plan 4, the curves of the 1.7 Gy structure presented a good agreement, but deviations in the smaller dose region of the DVH occurred for the 2 Gy structure (Δmáx of 7.7%). Conclusions A methodology for 3D dose evaluation of complex SIB treatments was proposed. It provided an important overview of the dose distributions. Their results significantly complemented the usual gamma analysis results.

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