Water entropy-driven electrochemical relaxation of dissolved oxygen in aerated refinery wastewater

Abstract

A B S T R A C TThe results obtained in this paper show dissolved oxygen monolayer chemisorptions in gas bubbles in aerated and saturated refinery wastewater is water entropy-driven relaxation processes. Dissolved oxygen and hydrogen electrons affinity keep constant liquid water molecules entropy. In the time period of water molecules crystallization on water input, or volatilization on air output on active adsorption or condensation nucleuses depending on aeration regimes, oxygen adsorption heat keeping constant liquid water entropy enabling coupling with positive or negative hydrated hydrides entropy change. The relationship between oxygen monolayer adsorption heat to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and oxygen diffusion transfer energy after saturation time are found on the basis of previously obtained experimentally data (temperatures and stationary oxygen concentrations). In this paper, the energy efficiency depending on oxygen entropy level and oxygen total energy level between drift and saturation time period is also examined.

Thermodynamic diagnostics of the depolarization overpotential and electron temperatures of contact surfaces in aerated refinery wastewater

“…According to the previous results [14], (see Fig. 7 (b)), energy efficiency, Ee, g/kWh of oxygen transport controls catalytic influence of water adsorption and condensation active centers due to the greater density and about thousand times less radii (electron path) in comparison to the chemisorbed oxygen diffusion depth in gas bubbles.…”

“…flows (c-2-6, N max = 6), (c-2-10, N max = 0), and to the all examined regimes at water level 1 m (5-1-q, N max = 10) and (10-1-q, N max = 10), where tga = 2,6-3,5 (see Fig. 7 (a) and 7(b) [14]). Fig.…”

“…depending on electron density, [e, H + ] r , in aerated saturated gas bubbles and on the oxygen adsorption rate constant k aO2 , [12,14], in the isochoric depletion region D a;e G h ðO 2 Þ ¼ 3RT:…”

“…The functional dependences of the energy efficiency of oxygen introduction, E e water adsorption and condensation active centers radiuses r a.c keeping surface equilibrium at the same number of maximally adsorbed active centers, N max , dm À3 = const. [14]. Electron hydration temperature, T eaq (see Table 5), determines released electron hydration entropy heat, T eaq S h ðH 2 OÞ L , in compressed gas bubbles used as oxygen diffusion transport energy, RT L lncðOÞ 2 s, or in expanded gas bubbles to prevent crystallization of water adsorption active centers after saturation period:…”

“…(1) electron dehydration overpotential in the compressed gas bubbles on air input, g eaqO 2 ðDp O 2 Þ (2) and hydration electron overpotential, g e,PLTE at air output for achieving partial local thermodynamic equilibrium, PLTE, with the electron titrations rate constant, k ePLTE, [12,14] of gas hydrogen and oxygen of pseudo-first-order controlling the power of oxygen adsorption affinity…”