“…With increasing development of green chemistry, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained more attention due to their excellent properties, such as very low vapor pressure, high solvency ability, high thermal stability and density, and large electrical conductivity (Freire et al, 2007;Grishina et al, 2013). Recently, ILs have been applied in many existing biological and chemical reactions to replace volatile organic solvents (Grishina et al, 2013;Deng et al, 2015).…”
“…With increasing development of green chemistry, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained more attention due to their excellent properties, such as very low vapor pressure, high solvency ability, high thermal stability and density, and large electrical conductivity (Freire et al, 2007;Grishina et al, 2013). Recently, ILs have been applied in many existing biological and chemical reactions to replace volatile organic solvents (Grishina et al, 2013;Deng et al, 2015).…”
“…In fact, the growing interest for their use in a wide range of applications, such as alternative solvents, organic synthesis, catalytic processes, polymerization reactions, low temperature extractions, electrochemical processes, and devices (Grishina et al 2013;Wasserscheid and Keim 2000), has raised great concerns about their potential environmental hazards.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ILs are characterized by unique properties, such as high solvency ability for both organic and inorganic compounds, high thermal stability and density, and large electrical conductivity (Freire et al 2007;Grishina et al 2013). However, despite the fact that ILs have low vapor pressure at room temperature and were believed to be less toxic than conventional solvents, recently published studies have mentioned that certain ILs are able to cause significant adverse environmental effects, posing thus toxicological risk to nontarget organisms, such as algae (Kulacki and Lamberti 2008;Latała et al 2009;Ma et al 2010;Matzke et al 2007;Pham et al 2008).…”
The ability of two widely used imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) to affect the physiological behavior of the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta treated in culture media with different salinities (30 and 35‰) was investigated. Algae species were exposed to 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF 4 ]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([omim][BF 4 ]), and their binary mixture [bmim][BF 4 ]-[omim][BF 4 ] (ratio 1:1) for 96 h, in f/2 medium with different salinities (30 and 35‰). Every 24 h, the growth rate (μ) and the percent inhibition (% I) as well as the concentrations of carotenoids (in terms of carotene content) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) were determined. According to the results, the culture media salinity plays a key role in IL-mediated inhibitory effects on algae. In both salinities, ILs can act against algal growth rate rather than Chl a synthesis, merely due to the existence of a cross-linking with carotenoids, whose enhancement prior or in parallel with Chl a synthesis could play an important role against their growth restriction.
“…[5][6][7] The mutual solubility of n-hexane with a wide range of ILs appears to be lower than that of 1-hexene. [8,9] This is not surprising as in general ILs are considered to be immiscible with paraffins, although there are exceptions particularly when the alkyl chain lengths on the cation (or anion) are large.…”
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