Water Distribution Networks

Ostfeld, Avi

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44160-2_4

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Thus, future research into the feasibility of water with added calcium should consider these potential changes. The inclusion of water quality analysis into distribution systems could apply developed sensor systems 47 . A second approach could be to analyze the optimum stage of the water treatment process to add calcium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of increasing calcium content of drinking tap water following quality regulations to improve calcium intake at population level

Matamoros,

Puchulu,

Colman Lerner

et al. 2024

Gates Open Res

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Background Calcium intake is below recommendations in several parts of the world. Improving calcium intake has benefits not only for bone health but also helps to prevent pregnancy hypertension disorders. Calcium concentration of tap water is usually low The aim of the present study was to determine the maximum amount of calcium that can be added to tap water while complying with drinking water local regulations. Methods Tap water samples were collected from the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). Physicochemical properties and saturation index were measured. Different incremental concentrations of calcium chloride were added to the experimental aliquots. Results Baseline water had a mean calcium concentration of 22.00 ± 2.54 mg/L, water hardness of 89.9 ± 6.4 mg/L CaCO3, and a saturation index of -1.50 ± 0.11. After the addition of 0.4554 ± 0.0071 g of salt, water hard-ness reached 355.0 ± 7.1 mg/L CaCO3, a calcium concentration of 140.50 ± 2.12 mg/L, and a saturation index -0.53 ± 0.02. Conclusions This study shows that at laboratory level it is feasible to increase calcium concentration of drinking water by adding calcium chloride while complying with national standards. Calcium concentration of drinking tap water could be evaluated and minimum calcium concentration of tap water regulated so as to improve calcium intake in populations with low calcium intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of increasing calcium content of drinking tap water following quality regulations to improve calcium intake at population level

Matamoros,

Puchulu,

Colman Lerner

et al. 2024

Gates Open Res

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“…Avi Ostfeld, 2015 verified that the water distribution system is a complex assembly of hydraulic control elements connected together to convey quantities of water from sources to consumers. Alsharqawi et al, 2020 studied the aging water distribution networks in the US to verify that they are approaching the end of their useful life, and more than 240,000 pipeline breaks are estimated to occur every year.…”

Section: Discussion Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical effects of flow hydraulics and pipe geometry on leakage behavior of laboratory water network distribution systems

Nabil

Alhaddad

Dawood

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. As the leakage behavior of water distribution network is considered life-threatening and critical issue, so the behavior of water distribution network system is investigated experimentally and numerically under the effect of different positions and flow rates of leakage outlets taking into consideretion the flowhydraulics and pipe geametry. A laboratory model of the real studied water distribution network is constructed. The laboratory water distribution network is horizontal and has 16 loops with total length 30 m and different diameters. The leakage position in the laboratory water distribution network is altered between main, sub-main and branch pipelines with different flow rates. The characteristics of the ideal laboratory water distribution network with no-leakage are studied first. The studied laboratory water distribution network system parameters are solved theoretically using Hardy-Cross method with seven iterations. The studied water distribution network system was simulated using computational fluid dynamics technique Ansys Fluent 18.2. The aim is to modify the ancient water distribution network by sensing the pressure values using dispersed pressure sensors. Also, from the pressure map of the laboratory water distribution network, the leakage position if exist can be localized. Depending on the sensed pressure, the control circuit programmed to close the corresponding solenoid valves. The leakage flow rates are 0.1, 0.25 and 0.4 L/s and changed between the main and sub-main pipes. The maximum pressure drop around 500 pa at the node directly preceding the leakage point at leakage flow rate 0.4 L/s. The performance of the used solenoid valve is simulated using Matlab-Simulink technique. The simulation results show the response to step down control signal is over damped with steady state error 2 % and settling time 0.6 s.

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“…WDNs are a complicated system consisting of interconnected pipes and hydraulic control elements in order to transport potable water to urban populations (Ostfeld 2015). The water infrastructures are aging and deteriorating drastically throughout the major urban centers, which leads to WM failures.…”

Section: Predictive Analyticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asset management analytics for urban water mains: a literature review

Delnaz

2023

Environ Syst Res

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This study presents a review of the state-of-the-art literature on water pipe failure predictions, assessment of water losses risk, optimal pipe maintenance plans, and maintenance coordination strategies. In addition, it provides a categorization of water main (WM) failures as well as a taxonomy of WM maintenance strategies. In particular, predictive and prescriptive analytics are highlighted with the investigation of their contributions and drawbacks from methodological and application perspectives. This review aims at providing a review of failure analytics developed recently in water mains domain either for prediction of failure or identification of optimal maintenance strategies conjointly. Future research directions and challenges are elaborated in advancing the understanding about the mechanisms leading to failures. The existing gaps between theory and practice in managing assets across water distribution networks ensuring cost-effectiveness and reliability are discussed. As knowledge about the state of the water mains and related areas is crucial, thus, this review provides an state-of-the-art update from recent studies, and accordingly, presents and discusses avenues for future research.

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Water Distribution Networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 136 publications

Feasibility of increasing calcium content of drinking tap water following quality regulations to improve calcium intake at population level

Feasibility of increasing calcium content of drinking tap water following quality regulations to improve calcium intake at population level

Experimental and numerical effects of flow hydraulics and pipe geometry on leakage behavior of laboratory water network distribution systems

Asset management analytics for urban water mains: a literature review

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