Water dispersible ultra-small multifunctional KGdF4:Tm3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles with near-infrared to near-infrared upconversion

Core/shell upconversion nanoparticles with intense fluorescence for detecting doxorubicin in vivo

“…15 However, the HPLC method also encounters some shortcomings in the sample pretreatment, such as complex process, [19][20][21][22][23][24] long detection cycle 8,25 and low sensitivity. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] In addition, assessing the toxicity of cancer drugs to biological tissues is very important 5,[33][34][35][36][37][38] and valuable to ensure the health of humans and other creatures. [6][7][8]39,40 In the commonly used biodetection approach, the UCNPs usually need to be injected into the living body, but it is hard to remove from blood vessels, which can be considered as the intrinsic defect of the uorescence resonance energy transfer based biodetection approach.…”

Surface Modification and Bioconjugation of Upconversion Nanoparticles

“…Such bifunctional organic molecules or polymers should have at least one functional group capable of anchoring to the NP surface tightly and another hydrophilic group at the other end to guarantee the well dispersion in water or can be further functionalized. Hitherto, a variety of organic molecules or polymers meeting this structural requirement have been investigated for the decoration of the NP surface with hydrophilic moieties, which including PEG diacid [36], poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-phosphate [37][38][39], polyacrylic acid (PAA) [40][41][42][43][44], 3-mercaptopropionic acid, hexanedioic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid (AA) [45], and 2-aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate (AEP) [46,47].…”

The 1.85 μm spectroscopic properties of Er 3+ /Tm 3+ co-doped tellurite glasses containing silver nanoparticles

“…Meanwhile, the fluorescence level 3 F 4 of Tm 3+ ions can be further populated by introducing other rare-earth sensitizers such as Yb 3+ and Er 3+ ions [7][8][9][10].…”