Water Diffusion and Transport in Oil Paints as Studied by Unilateral NMR and <sup>1</sup>H High‐Resolution MAS‐NMR Spectroscopy

Tullio, Valeria Di; Zumbulyadis, Nicholas; Centeno, Silvia A.; Catalano, Jaclyn; Wagner, Molly; Dybowski, Cecil

doi:10.1002/cphc.201900858

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Finally, in PbLO 5:1, two types of water, one free (T 2w ) and one bound (Tʺ 2w ), were observed. These results are similar to those reported in our previous study 27 . Also, in this case, the appearance of a second domain of water may be due to the formation of hydrated ionic group clusters.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Nano- to microscale three-dimensional morphology relevant to transport properties in reactive porous composite paint films

Liu

Tullio

Lin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The quantitative evaluation of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of porous composite materials is important for understanding mass transport phenomena, which further impact their functionalities and durability. Reactive porous paint materials are composites in nature and widely used in arts and technological applications. In artistic oil paintings, ambient moisture and water and organic solvents used in conservation treatments are known to trigger multiple physical and chemical degradation processes; however, there is no complete physical model that can quantitatively describe their transport in the paint films. In the present study, model oil paints with lead white (2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2) and zinc white (ZnO) pigments, which are frequently found in artistic oil paintings and are associated with the widespread heavy metal soap deterioration, were studied using synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography and unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance. This study aims to establish a relationship among the paints’ compositions, the 3D morphological properties and degradation. This connection is crucial for establishing reliable models that can predict transport properties of solvents used in conservation treatments and of species involved in deterioration reactions, such as soap formation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Unilateral NMR permits the open porosity available to the diffusion of water and solvents in different materials to be determined 27 , 28 . In this article, with ‘open porosity’ we refer to the void fraction or ‘empty’ spaces that may be filled by water or organic solvents in contact with the paint film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano- to microscale three-dimensional morphology relevant to transport properties in reactive porous composite paint films

Liu

Tullio

Lin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…It was found that the shortest component, T 2A , of about 0.1 ms, involves a majority of the protons (85% of the population); an intermediate component, T 2B , of about 0.5 ms, involves~10% of the protons; and the longest component, T 2C , of about 1 ms, involves 3% of the protons. Interestingly, these results are remarkably similar to those found in the model oil paintings studied and reported in [35]. In our samples, a slight shortening of the T 2 values was observed with respect to the model oil paints.…”

Section: Unilateral Nmr To Evaluate Water-based Cleaning Systems Applsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…HR-MAS has been used to study the degradation of cellulose in the paper due to water [33,34]. More recently, we have used HR-MAS in combination with unilateral NMR to analyze the diffusion of water in lead oil paintings [35]. In this study, HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy was exploited to study linseed oil, shellac, colophony and sandarac to chemically distinguish these compounds in paintings using a reduced amount of the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights to Characterize Paint Varnishes and to Study Water in Paintings by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)

Tullio

Proietti

2020

Magnetochemistry

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Paintings are complex multi-layered systems made of organic and inorganic materials. Several factors can affect the degradation of paintings, such as environmental conditions, past restoration works and, finally, the type of painting technique and the art materials used over the centuries. The chemical–physical characterization of paintings is a constant challenge that requires research into and the development of novel analytical methodologies and processes. In recent years, solvents and water-related issues in paintings are attracting more attention, and several studies have been focused on analyzing the interaction between water molecules and the constitutive materials. In this study, recent applications applying different NMR methodologies were shown, highlighting the weakness and the strength of the techniques in analyzing paintings. In particular, the study of water and its diffusive interactions within wall and oil paintings was performed to prove how the portable NMR can be used directly in museums for planning restoration work and to monitor the degradation processes. Furthermore, some preliminary results on the analysis of varnishes and binders, such us linseed oil, shellac, sandarac and colophony resins, were obtained by 1H HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy, highlighting the weakness and strengths of this technique in the field of conservation science.

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“…Soap formation is another cause of painting degradation. Tullio et al [17] studied the effect that moisture content has on linseed oil-based painting water absorption. They found that the thicker paintings and those subjected to the highest relative humidity (irrespective of the time period) showed a higher degree of absorption.…”

Section: Paint Layer Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How mobile NMR can help with the conservation of paintings

Awad

Baias

2020

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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The conservation of paintings is fundamental to ensure that future generations will have access to the ideas of the grand masters who created these art pieces. Many factors, such as humidity, temperature, light, and pollutants, pose a risk to the conservation of paintings. To help with painting conservation, it is essential to be able to noninvasively study how these factors affect paintings and to develop methods to investigate their effects on painting degradation. Hence, the use of mobile nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a method of investigation of paintings is gaining increased attention in the world of Heritage Science. In this mini‐review, we discuss how this method was used to better understand the stratigraphy of paintings and the effect different factors have on the painting integrity, to analyze the different cleaning techniques suitable for painting conservation, and to show how mobile NMR can be used to identify forgeries. It is also important to keep in mind its limitations and build upon this information to optimize it to extend its applicability to the study of paintings and other precious objects of cultural heritage.

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Water Diffusion and Transport in Oil Paints as Studied by Unilateral NMR and ¹H High‐Resolution MAS‐NMR Spectroscopy

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record.

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Nano- to microscale three-dimensional morphology relevant to transport properties in reactive porous composite paint films

Nano- to microscale three-dimensional morphology relevant to transport properties in reactive porous composite paint films

New Insights to Characterize Paint Varnishes and to Study Water in Paintings by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)

How mobile NMR can help with the conservation of paintings

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Water Diffusion and Transport in Oil Paints as Studied by Unilateral NMR and 1H High‐Resolution MAS‐NMR Spectroscopy

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record.

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Nano- to microscale three-dimensional morphology relevant to transport properties in reactive porous composite paint films

Nano- to microscale three-dimensional morphology relevant to transport properties in reactive porous composite paint films

New Insights to Characterize Paint Varnishes and to Study Water in Paintings by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)

How mobile NMR can help with the conservation of paintings

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Product

Resources

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Water Diffusion and Transport in Oil Paints as Studied by Unilateral NMR and ¹H High‐Resolution MAS‐NMR Spectroscopy