Water Desalination Using Solar Thermal Collectors Enhanced by Nanofluids

Zakaria, Muhammad Razlan; Sharaky, Abbas M.; Al-Sherbini, Al-Sayed; Bassyouni, M.; Rezakazemi, Mashallah; Elhenawy, Yasser

doi:10.1002/ceat.202100339

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Plastics and high lignin matters are the main types of solid residual matter produced during the AD process, and neither can be completely degraded without biochemical treatment. Plastics, lignin, and biomass all present significant treatment issues; nevertheless, they may be used for other purposes, such as resource recovery and power generation [157][158][159]. There are many treatment challenges that arise regarding ROR disposal.…”

Section: Food Waste Combining Ad and Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Biomass Pyrolysis Processes for Bioenergy Production: Optimization of Operating Conditions

et al. 2023

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Bioenergy has emerged to be among the primary choices for the short- and medium-term replacement of fossil fuels and the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The most practical method for transforming biomass into biofuel is thermochemical conversion, which may be broken down into combustion, torrefaction, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification. In this study, producing biofuels using a biomass pyrolysis process was investigated. This study explored the pyrolysis process and operating conditions to optimize the process parameters to maximize the desired product yields and quality. The pyrolysis process produces three main products, which are bio-oil, bio-char, and gas. There are three classifications for the pyrolysis method, with each of them producing a majority of a certain product. First, slow pyrolysis is conducted in the temperature range of 300–950 °C and residence time of 330–550 s. It produces around a 30% oil yield and 35% char yield, and thus, the majority yield of slow pyrolysis is char. Second, fast pyrolysis produces around 50% oil, 20% char, and 30% gas yields with a temperature range of 850–1250 °C and a residence time of 0.5–10 s. The average yield of flash pyrolysis was found to be 75% bio-oil, 12% bio-char, and 15% gas, which is conducted within less than 1 s. It was reported that the pyrolysis of biomass was simulated using ASPEN Plus, where the effects of several parameters, such as the temperature, heating rate, and residence time, on the product yield and composition were investigated. Pyrolysis was performed under different conditions ranging from 400 to 600 °C. The effects of different catalysts on the pyrolysis process were studied. It was found that the addition of a catalyst could increase the yield of bio-oil and improve the quality of the product. The optimal operating condition for the pyrolysis process was determined to be a temperature of 500 °C, which resulted in a higher bio-oil yield. It was found that the biofuel yield was enhanced by selecting appropriate raw materials, such as rice husk, along with the pyrolysis temperature (e.g., 450 °C) and particle size (350–800 µm), and using a low residence time and pressure.

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Section: Food Waste Combining Ad and Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Biomass Pyrolysis Processes for Bioenergy Production: Optimization of Operating Conditions

et al. 2023

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“…Infrastructure for renewable energy should be funded by governments, companies, and individuals, who should also encourage its use [11,12]. In addition to increasing energy efficiency in industrial operations, transportation, and buildings can lower energy use and related emissions [13][14][15]. Improved insulation, energy-saving appliances, and innovative manufacturing processes are some ways to be provided [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Simulation and Design of Green Ammonia Production Plant for Carbon Neutrality

Shaker,

El-Bagoury,

Yaser

et al. 2024

International Journal of Industry and Sustainable Development

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This study investigated the viability of green hydrogen as an essential component in the global energy transition. Despite intensified efforts prompted by the ongoing global energy crisis, impediments have arisen, notably in the area of green hydrogen storage techniques. The inherently hazardous nature of hydrogen gas, resembling an explosion when stored conventionally, presents a significant challenge. In response, this study proposed an environmentally friendly, carbon-neutral, and secure storage technique. The focus is on utilizing green hydrogen in the production of ammonia, serving as both a hydrogen carrier and energy storage medium on an industrial scale. The versatile application of green ammonia extended beyond storage, encompassing fertilizer production, refrigeration, and chemical manufacturing, all aligned with principles of sustainable development, green energy transition, and achieving net-zero carbon emissions. The comprehensive study involved the plant design, process flow diagrams, Aspen HYSYS simulation, plant layout, HAZOP study, and an in-depth economic analysis to evaluate feasibility and profitability. The Haber-Bosch simulated process encompassed the entire production line, starting from sustainably sourced hydrogen to the separation unit ensuring a green nitrogen source. Further optimization was achieved through a heat exchanger network utilizing Aspen Energy Analyzer. The study yielded a substantial ammonia production rate of 7058 kg/hr with an impressive conversion rate of nearly 85%, minimizing waste through the recycling of excess hydrogen within the process. The resultant liquid form of stored ammonia in the refrigeration loop facilitates convenient and safe storage of hydrogen.

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“…This is exacerbated by a rising demand in mineral resources due to growing economic and industrial sectors [ 10 ]. For example, the production of solar panels requires elements such as cadmium, silver, or indium [ 11 ], while electric vehicle batteries require lithium, nickel, and cobalt [ 8 ]. These pressing issues motivate the need for improved and sustainable technology solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-Enhanced PVDF Flat-Sheet Membranes for Seawater Desalination in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

et al. 2023

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In this study, hydrophobic functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) and silica nanoparticles (fSiO2NPs) were incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat-sheet membranes to improve their performance in membrane distillation (MD). The performance of the as-synthesized membranes was evaluated against commercial reference polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) flat-sheet membranes. The water contact angle (WCA) and liquid entry pressure (LEP) of the PVDF membrane were compromised after incorporation of hydrophilic pore forming polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). These parameters were key in ensuring high salt rejections in MD processes. Upon incorporation of fCNTS and fSiO2NPs, WCA and LEP improved to 103.61° and 590 kPa, respectively. Moreover, the NP additives enhanced membrane surface roughness. Thus, an increase in membrane roughness improved WCA and resistance to membrane wetting. High salt rejection (>99%) and stable fluxes (39.77 kg m−2 h−1) were recorded throughout a 3 h process evaluation where 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was used as feed. These findings were recorded at feed temperature of 60 ℃. Evidently, this study substantiated the necessity of high feed temperatures towards high rates of water recovery.

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Water Desalination Using Solar Thermal Collectors Enhanced by Nanofluids

Cited by 27 publications

References 52 publications

Recent Advances in Biomass Pyrolysis Processes for Bioenergy Production: Optimization of Operating Conditions

Recent Advances in Biomass Pyrolysis Processes for Bioenergy Production: Optimization of Operating Conditions

Process Simulation and Design of Green Ammonia Production Plant for Carbon Neutrality

Nanoparticle-Enhanced PVDF Flat-Sheet Membranes for Seawater Desalination in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

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