Water desalination cost literature: review and assessment

Karagiannis, Ioannis C.; Soldatos, P.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.071

Cited by 647 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

266

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) has emerged as an important desalination process to provide clean water for drinking and irrigation in such areas. Owing to the competitive energy consumption of RO, the implementation of state-ofart RO systems in usually costs far less than fresh water transport by truck or pipeline [1,2]. With appropriate implementation, these systems may make good use of the brackish water resources available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal dispersion in spiral wound RO modules and its effect on the performance of batch mode RO operations

Qiu

Davies

2012

Desalination

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Operation of reverse osmosis (RO) in cyclic batch mode can in principle provide both high energy efficiency and high recovery. However, one factor that causes the performance to be less than ideal is longitudinal dispersion in the RO module. At the end of the batch pressurisation phase it is necessary to purge and then refill the module. During the purge and refill phases, dispersion causes undesirable mixing of concentrated brine with less concentrated feed water, therefore increasing the salt concentration and energy usage in the subsequent pressurisation phase of the cycle. In this study, we quantify the significance of dispersion through theory and experiment. We provide an analysis that relates the energy efficiency of the batch operation to the amount of dispersion. With the help of a model based on the analysis by Taylor, dispersion is quantified according to flow rate. The model is confirmed by experiments with two types of proprietary spiral wound RO modules, using sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions of concentration 1000 to 20,000 ppm. In practice the typical energy usage increases by 4 to 5.5% compared to the ideal case of zero dispersion.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal dispersion in spiral wound RO modules and its effect on the performance of batch mode RO operations

Qiu

Davies

2012

Desalination

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Each of these categories received a score from 0-3, with 3 representing the highest need for water. The scores were then totaled and used to rank the need for an alternative water source as low (0-4), moderate (5)(6)(7)(8) or high (9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potable water reuse is limited by the availability of treated wastewater and relatively high treatment costs and may suffer from negative public opinion about reusing wastewater [9]. SWRO is mostly limited to large-scale facilities due to the energy cost advantages of treating large flow rates [10]. Environmental concerns have caused negative public opinion about this relatively new technology and deterred the expansion of SWRO facilities in California [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal California Wastewater Effluent as a Resource for Seawater Desalination Brine Commingling

Rodman

Cervania

Budig-Markin

et al. 2018

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

California frequently experiences water scarcity, especially in high population areas. This has generated increased interest in using the Pacific Ocean as a water resource, with seawater desalination becoming a popular solution. To mitigate the environmental impacts of the high salinity brine from seawater desalination, California recommends commingling brine with wastewater effluent before ocean discharge. Results reveal that throughout the California coast, approximately 4872 MLD (1287 MGD) of treated wastewater are discharged into the ocean and might be available as dilution water. Most of this dilution water resource is produced in Southern California (3161 MLD or 835 MGD) and the San Francisco Bay Area (1503 MLD or 397 MGD), which are also the areas with the highest need for alternative water sources. With this quantity of dilution water, in principle, over 5300 MLD (1400 MGD) of potable water could be produced in California through seawater desalination. Furthermore, this study provides a survey of the treatment levels and typical discharge violations of ocean wastewater treatment facilities in California.

show abstract

“…In terms of international literature on seawater desalination cost estimation, Karagiannis and Soldatos (2008) Figure 1 shows costs in Rand per m 3 /day of desalination plant capacity plotted against plant capacity for the recently constructed desalination plants in Australia, and plants in Israel, Algeria and Spain, extracted from Ghaffour et al (2013), and the Mossel Bay desalination plant, being the only large desalination plant in South Africa.…”

Section: International Seawater Desalination Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Planning for desalination in the context of the Western Cape water supply system

Blersch¹,

Plessis

2017

J. S. Afr. Inst. Civ. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As water demands continue to grow, South Africa is starting to consider seawater desalination as a potential future supply source, and it is currently being investigated at a feasibility level in a number of coastal cities, including Cape Town. Desalination is different to conventional surface and groundwater supply sources in that it is climate-resilient, having an assurance of supply of essentially 100 percent. However, the increased reliability comes at a great cost. This paper presents a methodology developed for modelling a proposed desalination plant as an integrated component of the Western Cape Water Supply System, in order to optimise system operating rules and cost. The modelling entailed short-term and long-term system analyses in the Water Resources Yield Model and Water Resources Planning Model, and estimation of first-order capital and operating costs in order to calculate and compare Unit Reference Values. The maximum increase in yield was found to occur when the seawater desalination plant is used as a base supply, operational all the time. There was little benefit, in terms of system yield, in using the desalination plant as an emergency supply source only. Unit reference values for the desalination plant decrease as the percentage supply from the plant increases, meaning that the lowest possible cost per cubic metre of water supplied is when the desalination plant is used as a base supply. It was also apparent that the unit reference values decrease with an increase in desalination plant capacity, suggesting that, from an economic perspective, the optimal solution would be to have one large desalination plant operational immediately.

show abstract

Water desalination cost literature: review and assessment

Cited by 647 publications

References 38 publications

Longitudinal dispersion in spiral wound RO modules and its effect on the performance of batch mode RO operations

Longitudinal dispersion in spiral wound RO modules and its effect on the performance of batch mode RO operations

Coastal California Wastewater Effluent as a Resource for Seawater Desalination Brine Commingling

Planning for desalination in the context of the Western Cape water supply system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About