Water desalination concept using an ionic rectifier based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)

Madrid, Elena; Cottis, Philip; Rong, Yuanyang; Rogers, Adrian; Stone, James M.; Malpass‐Evans, Richard; Carta, Mariolino; McKeown, Neil B.; Marken, Frank

doi:10.1039/c5ta04092b

Cited by 57 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The membrane sample was always on the side of the working electrode. Schematic diagrams in Figure 2E and 2F tentatively (following a mechanism suggested in earlier work [11]) explain this behaviour at least qualitatively based on protonation of the amine sites in PIM-EA-TB (see structure in Figure 1) leading to mixed proton and chloride conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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pH-induced reversal of ionic diode polarity in 300 nm thin membranes based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity

Rong

Song

Mathwig

et al. 2016

Electrochemistry Communications

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Abstract"Ionic diode" (or current rectification) effects are potentially important for a range of applications including water purification. In this preliminary report, we observe novel ionic diode behaviour of thin (300 nm) membranes based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-EA-TB) supported on a poly-ethylene-terephthalate (PET) film with a 20 m diameter microhole, and immersed in aqueous electrolyte media. Current rectification effects are observed for half-cells with the same electrolyte solution on both sides of the membrane for cases where cation and anion mobility differ (HCl, other acids, NaOH, etc.) but not for cases where cation and anion mobility are more alike (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, etc.). A pH-dependent reversal of the ionic diode effect is observed and discussed in terms of tentatively assigned mechanisms based on both (i) ion mobility within the PIM-EA-TB nano-membrane and (ii) a possible "mechanical valve effect" linked to membrane potential and electrokinetic movement of the membrane as well as hydrostatic pressure effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The potential for applications of these devices ranges from analytical nanofluidic tools [9], natural cell pore mimics [10], to energy harvesting systems, and ionic rectifiers for desalination [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH-induced reversal of ionic diode polarity in 300 nm thin membranes based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity

Rong

Song

Mathwig

et al. 2016

Electrochemistry Communications

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“…These new types of materials offer opportunities for new technologies to emerge and both MOF and PIM materials, in contact to aqueous electrolytes, have been observed to allow nanofluidic current rectification, or “ionic diode” phenomena to occur. Interest in ionic diode devices originates from efforts to mimic natural nanopores and the development of single channel nanofluidics with potential for applications in desalination, energy harvesting, and in “iontronics”…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Diodes Based on Regenerated α‐Cellulose Films Deposited Asymmetrically onto a Microhole

Aaronson

Madrid

et al. 2017

ChemistrySelect

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Cellulose films of approximately 5 μm thickness, reconstituted from ionic liquid media onto a poly‐ethylene‐terephthalate (PET) film with a 5, 10, 20, or 40 μm diameter microhole, show current rectification when immersed in aqueous NaCl. For “asymmetric cellulose deposits” this rectification, or ionic diode behaviour, is then investigated as a function of ionic strength and microhole diameter. Future applications are envisaged in sustainable cellulose‐based desalination, sensing, or energy harvesting processes.

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“…Although primarily developed for applications in gas storage and separation, it has been shown that the intrinsic microporosity and excellent processability of PIMs also lead to new applications in water treatment and in electrochemistry . In this report the effects of PIM‐7 on electrochemical processes are studied at modified electrodes immersed in aqueous media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM‐7) Coating Affects Triphasic Palladium Electrocatalysis

et al. 2018

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A film of the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM‐7 is coated onto a glassy carbon electrode and the resulting effects on electron transfer reactions are studied for three different types of processes: (i) aqueous solution based, (ii) solid state surface immobilised, and (iii) electrocatalytic processes on electrodeposited palladium. The effects on reactivity for hydroquinone oxidation in aqueous phosphate buffer are shown to be linked to microporosity causing a slightly lower rate of mass transport without detrimental effects on electron transfer and reaction kinetics. Next, water‐insoluble microcrystalline anthraquinone is immobilised directly into the PIM‐7 film and shown to give a chemically reversible reduction process, which is enhanced in the presence of PIM‐7, when compared to the case of anthraquinone immobilised directly onto bare glassy carbon. Electrodeposition of a film of nano‐palladium is demonstrated to give catalytically active electrodes for the reduction/oxidation of protons/hydrogen, the reduction of oxygen, and for the oxidation of formic acid and methanol. With the PIM‐7 film applied onto palladium, a mechanical stabilisation effect occurs. In addition, both the hydrogen insertion and the hydrogen evolution reactions as well as formic acid oxidation are enhanced. Effects are discussed in terms of PIM‐7 beneficially affecting the interfacial reaction under triphasic conditions. The microporous polymer acts as an interfacial “gas management” layer.

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Water desalination concept using an ionic rectifier based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

pH-induced reversal of ionic diode polarity in 300 nm thin membranes based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity

pH-induced reversal of ionic diode polarity in 300 nm thin membranes based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity

Ionic Diodes Based on Regenerated α‐Cellulose Films Deposited Asymmetrically onto a Microhole

Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM‐7) Coating Affects Triphasic Palladium Electrocatalysis

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