Water Crisis and Options for Effective Water Provision in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Cameroon

Fonjong, Lotsmart; Fokum, Violet Yigha

doi:10.1080/08941920.2016.1273414

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Mismanagement and authorities' inability to understand the patterns of urbanization for effective planning account for these (Mafany & Fantong, 2006 towns in the country unsaved with adequate water supply. Fonjong and Fokum (2017), opine that peri-urban areas in Cameroon emerge spontaneously due to deficiency in planning and urbanization, and are difficult to delimit.…”

Section: Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of pipe-borne water supply in the Buea Municipality: Challenges and way forward

Adamu¹,

Sounders²,

Nfondoum³

2019

IJELS

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A growing quest in the mind of man today is to establish a balance equation between his activities and the available freshwater. Trillion of dollars have been spent worldwide to reduce water shortages, but governments and stakeholders ubiquitously have failed to empower the city dwellers and to ambush the challenges to pipe borne water supply. In many parts of developing countries including Cameroon, population growth , urbanization and water demands are rising rapidly, whereas water availability, quality, reliability, frequency and distribution are decreasing rapidly due to planning deficiencies, inefficient management and deterioration. This study aimed at examining the patterns of pipe borne water supply in the Buea Municipality, challenges and municipal response. A sample size of 120 inhabitants was taken to represent the entire population in the study area. Simple random sampling technique was then used to identify the most appropriate respondents and locations. Findings were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Microsoft excel and represented in the form of tables and figures. Findings revealed that, there is limited water supply reliability, access and distribution in the Buea Municipality attributed to physical and anthropological influences such as inadequate water supply, degradation and poor water management by the municipal authorities. The study look forward to giving recommendations of the use of water storage devices such as water tanks as a short term strategy and the extension of pipes distribution lines to be in direct proportion with population growth among others.

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Section: Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of pipe-borne water supply in the Buea Municipality: Challenges and way forward

Adamu¹,

Sounders²,

Nfondoum³

2019

IJELS

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“…Its tropical climate provides a suitable environment for the development of the malaria vectors and this, therefore, contributes to increased malaria transmission. In addition, the inadequate access to safe and potable water in the region and Cameroon at large predisposes the population to water-borne infections including IPIs [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria and intestinal parasite co-infection and its association with anaemia among people living with HIV in Buea, Southwest Cameroon: A community-based retrospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background Both malaria and intestinal parasites are endemic in Cameroon, and their co-infection can be of great impact on anaemia among people living with HIV (PLWH). This community-based retrospective cohort study determined the prevalence and association of infections with anaemia in PLWH and HIV-negative individuals in Buea, Cameroon from March to August 2019. Methods The study population comprised of 190 PLWH and 216 consenting HIV-negative individuals from the Buea community. Participants were examined clinically, the collected blood sample was used for malaria parasite (MP) detection, HIV diagnosis and haemoglobin (Hb) measurement while stool samples were examined for the detection of intestinal parasites (IPs). Proportions were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test and association of anaemia with independent variables was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results Out of the 406 participants, MP, IPs and MP/IP co-infection prevalences were 15.5%, 13.0% and 3.0% respectively. PLWH had a higher prevalence of MP (16.3%, P = 0.17), IPs (23.7%, P ˂ 0.001) and MP/IPs co-infection (3.7%, P = 0.04) when compared with HIV-negative participants. Similarly, PLWH had significantly lower mean haemoglobin value (11.10 ± 1.54 g/dL) than their HIV-negative counterparts (12.45 ± 2.06 g/dL). Also, PLWH co-infected with MP and IPs were observed to have a significantly lower mean haemoglobin value (10.6 ± 1.21 g/dL). PLWH had a significantly (P ˂ 0.001) higher prevalence of mild (56.8%), moderate (18.4%) and severe (1.6%) anaemia when compared with HIV-negative counterparts. The significant risk factors associated with anaemia included being febrile (P = 0.03), MP-infected only (P = 0.001), HIV-infected only (P < 0.001), having dual (P < 0.001) or triple-infections (P = 0.03). Conclusion Malaria and intestinal parasites remain public health concerns among PLWH and anaemia as a serious haematological abnormality gets exacerbated even with the viral load suppression. Hence, routine medical check-ups among PLWH are recommended.

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“…For example, land consumption grew at a rate of at least 1.5 times the rate of population growth over 40 years in Denpasar, Indonesia, and Mekelle, Ethiopia, two cities in the 2C Initiative (Davis et al 2019). The study area for this research explicitly focuses on the larger urban extent of the city, including the peri-urban areas, as representing the urban limit rather than the municipal boundaries (Norström 2007, Fonjong andFokum 2017). Due to the variety of spatial layout, morphology, settlement, and needs of secondary cities, we consulted with local partners to define city extents.…”

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networks of need: a geospatial analysis of secondary cities

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Urbanization and the continued growth of cities, both demographically and spatially, are topics of research studied across a range of disciplines in the urban millenniuma time in history when the majority of people live in cities. However, scholarly research has focused little attention on secondary cities, despite being the most rapidly growing cities in many low-and middle-income countries. Secondary cities, defined by their function rather than population size, are vital nodes for regional commerce and services. As these cities have historically been understudied, they lack geospatial data and the associated analyses important for local planners to understand how to meet current needs and plan for future growth. With this research, openly available geospatial data are evaluated, including both global (i.e., population distribution), local (i.e., municipal data), and data for four service categories (i.e., education, social, health, and food services). This research presents techniques to provide baseline understanding of data needs and accessibility of services in secondary cities with limited geospatial data and expertise. Case description: We examine two secondary cities, Pokhara, Nepal, and Douala, Cameroon. These cities are experiencing unplanned growth, development, and exposure to conditions that contribute to intra-urban inequalities. This research takes a spatial approach-coupling locally-created data sources (i.e., municipality data, fieldcollected, and non-governmental organizations' data) with global databases (i.e., world population and satellite images) to demonstrate how spatial data can be integrated and analyzed to enrich our limited understanding of secondary cities and the needs of resident populations. Four categories of services are evaluated and the distance to services from populated areas is calculated. Discussion and evaluation: This research suggests that the distribution of services in both cities does not align with high-need, densely populated areas for certain services, a result of unplanned urban growth. Conversely, populations in areas far from the city center must travel relatively far distances to reach services, indicating lower levels of accessibility. Conclusion: The results of this research serve to identify mapping needs and service accessibility. Projects focusing on geospatial data creation provide information needed for local populations to assess their community and the network of services offered. Additionally, local-decision makers can seek policy options to address unmet needs for community improvements and inequality reduction.

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Water Crisis and Options for Effective Water Provision in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Cameroon

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Patterns of pipe-borne water supply in the Buea Municipality: Challenges and way forward

Patterns of pipe-borne water supply in the Buea Municipality: Challenges and way forward

Malaria and intestinal parasite co-infection and its association with anaemia among people living with HIV in Buea, Southwest Cameroon: A community-based retrospective cohort study

Networks of need: a geospatial analysis of secondary cities

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