Water contaminated with Didymosphenia geminata generates changes in Salmo salar spermatozoa activation times

Olivares, Pamela; Orellana, Paola; Guerra, Guillermo; Peredo-Parada, Matías; Chávez, V Amanda; Ramírez-Reveco, Alfredo; Parodí, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.022

“…Previous studies have suggested effects of D. geminata on aquatic organisms and spermatozoa [17,18] that correlate with our data. This study indicates that water contaminated with this diatom reduces the viability of CHSE-214 cell and affects SHK-1 cells as well, suggesting a chronic effects on aquatic organisms due to river water contamination with D. geminata, as shown in figures 2 and 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Interestingly, CHSE-214 cells showed increased sensitivity to contamination, from which it can be interpret that embryonic cells are more sensitive to D. geminata (Figure 2) and the polyphenols described, unlike kidney cells such as SHK-1. The data presented indicates that cells may be more sensitive in early stages of development or in the gametes, as previously described [17]. Reports on spermatozoa showed no effect on viability, but did showed physiological effects which suggest that cellular effects are even more complex than those described so far.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…In addition, it disturbs aquatic invertebrate communities and drinking water filters system [13][14][15], although it is unknown whether the contamination effects are directly caused by D. geminata. In this line, recent studies have described toxic effects of microalgae on contaminated river communities of microcrustaceous [16] and effects on Salmo salar spermatozoa activation time [17]. Despite extensive research on D. geminata in recent years [18] with effects on ecosystems, advances on toxicological effects are still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water contaminated with Didymosphenia geminata alters fish cell line viability

Olivares

¹

,

Peredo-Parada²,

Chávez³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Didymosphenia geminata (D. geminata) in Chilean rivers is a complex roblem. Its biology and effects on ecosystems is still being studied, at the moment not research has focused on its D. geminata effects at the cellular level. We developed an artificial river system to maintain D. geminata study material and evaluate effects of water contaminated with this diatom on the viability of two fish cell lines. Results indicate that CHSE-214 cells are sensitive to increasing D. geminata extract concentrations, reducing crop viability by 50% when exposed for 24 hours at a 0.01V/V dilution and reducing proliferative capacity by 70% on a 5 day temporal curve. SHK-1 cells showed lower sensitivity, presenting a decrease of 20% in viability at 24 hours, and a lower cell proliferation rate by day 5, but higher than of the CHSE-214 cells. Both lines were affected by exposure to D. geminate extracts, but CHSE-214 lines were more sensitive to polyphenols extracted from the microalgae. We conclude that certain cell types are sensitive to D. geminata in rivers, meaning that chronic effects on aquatic species contaminated with this diatom should be observed. Effects of this plague at a cellular level can be further studied to understand its full impact on river ecosystems. AbstractDidymosphenia geminata (D. geminata) in Chilean rivers is a complex problem. Its biology and effects on ecosystems is still being studied, at the moment not research has focused on its D. geminata effects at the cellular level. We developed an artificial river system to maintain D. geminata study material and evaluate effects of water contaminated with this diatom on the viability of two fish cell lines. Results indicate that CHSE-214 cells are sensitive to increasing D. geminata extract concentrations, reducing crop viability by 50% when exposed for 24 hours at a 0.01V/V dilution and reducing proliferative capacity by 70% on a 5 day temporal curve. SHK-1 cells showed lower sensitivity, presenting a decrease of 20% in viability at 24 hours, and a lower cell proliferation rate by day 5, but higher than of the CHSE-214 cells. Both lines were affected by exposure to D. geminata extracts, but CHSE-214 lines were more sensitive to polyphenols extracted from the microalgae. We conclude that certain cell types are sensitive to D. geminata in rivers, meaning that chronic effects on aquatic species contaminated with this diatom should be observed. Effects of this plague at a cellular level can be further studied to understand its full impact on river ecosystems.

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“…To determine the mortality of S. salar spermatozoa cells, an eosin staining protocol was followed. To measurement the mortality, a modification of the Olivares et al () mammalian protocol was used. Spermatozoa were maintained under laboratory conditions in an incubator in order to maintain the sample temperature at 4° C. Orbital rotators (compact digital microplates, Thermo scientific; http://www.thermo-scientific.com) were placed inside the incubator (BOD Incubator 2005, VWR; http://www.vwr.com) in order to shake the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of storage time on the motility, mortality and calcium levels of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar spermatozoa

Parodí

¹

,

Guerra

²

,

Cuevas

³

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Biology

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This study estimates spermatozoa mortality, morphology, motility and intracellular calcium levels in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar milt after prolonged storage. Milt samples were preserved at 4° C for 25 days and then evaluated for mortality. Motility remained high for the first 3 days and the mortality was low during the first 5 days of storage. A decrease of >50% in calcium content was observed after 5 days of storage. When spermatozoa were activated, calcium levels increased >200% in relative fluorescence units (RFU); this rate of increase was lost when the samples were stored for extended periods of time and was only partially manifested in a zero calcium solution. The results suggest that in vitro storage of S. salar spermatozoa at 4° C for a period of 3 days preserves motility and limits mortality to levels similar to those of fresh spermatozoa. This method also maintains intracellular calcium storage critical for spermatozoa performance.

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“…In addition, it disturbs aquatic invertebrate communities and drinking water filters system [13][14][15], although it is unknown whether the contamination effects are directly caused by D. geminata. In this line, recent studies have described toxic effects of microalgae on contaminated river communities of microcrustaceous [16] and effects on Salmo salar spermatozoa activation time [17]. Despite extensive research on D. geminata in recent years [18] with effects on ecosystems, advances on toxicological effects are still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Didymosphenia geminata (D. geminata) in Chilean rivers is a complex roblem. Its biology and effects on ecosystems is still being studied, at the moment not research has focused on its D. geminata effects at the cellular level. We developed an artificial river system to maintain D. geminata study material and evaluate effects of water contaminated with this diatom on the viability of two fish cell lines. Results indicate that CHSE-214 cells are sensitive to increasing D. geminata extract concentrations, reducing crop viability by 50% when exposed for 24 hours at a 0.01V/V dilution and reducing proliferative capacity by 70% on a 5 day temporal curve. SHK-1 cells showed lower sensitivity, presenting a decrease of 20% in viability at 24 hours, and a lower cell proliferation rate by day 5, but higher than of the CHSE-214 cells. Both lines were affected by exposure to D. geminate extracts, but CHSE-214 lines were more sensitive to polyphenols extracted from the microalgae. We conclude that certain cell types are sensitive to D. geminata in rivers, meaning that chronic effects on aquatic species contaminated with this diatom should be observed. Effects of this plague at a cellular level can be further studied to understand its full impact on river ecosystems. AbstractDidymosphenia geminata (D. geminata) in Chilean rivers is a complex problem. Its biology and effects on ecosystems is still being studied, at the moment not research has focused on its D. geminata effects at the cellular level. We developed an artificial river system to maintain D. geminata study material and evaluate effects of water contaminated with this diatom on the viability of two fish cell lines. Results indicate that CHSE-214 cells are sensitive to increasing D. geminata extract concentrations, reducing crop viability by 50% when exposed for 24 hours at a 0.01V/V dilution and reducing proliferative capacity by 70% on a 5 day temporal curve. SHK-1 cells showed lower sensitivity, presenting a decrease of 20% in viability at 24 hours, and a lower cell proliferation rate by day 5, but higher than of the CHSE-214 cells. Both lines were affected by exposure to D. geminata extracts, but CHSE-214 lines were more sensitive to polyphenols extracted from the microalgae. We conclude that certain cell types are sensitive to D. geminata in rivers, meaning that chronic effects on aquatic species contaminated with this diatom should be observed. Effects of this plague at a cellular level can be further studied to understand its full impact on river ecosystems.

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Water contaminated with Didymosphenia geminata generates changes in Salmo salar spermatozoa activation times

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Water contaminated with Didymosphenia geminata alters fish cell line viability

Water contaminated with Didymosphenia geminata alters fish cell line viability

Effects of storage time on the motility, mortality and calcium levels of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar spermatozoa

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