Water consumption, grain yield, and water productivity in response to field water management in double rice systems in China

Wu, Xiao; Wang, Wei; Yin, Chun Mei; Hou, Hai; Xie, Ke; Xie, Xiao Li

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189280

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this sense, an increment of WP would be given by either an increase in productivity or reduction of water inputs (Tuong and Bouman, 2003;Heydari, 2014). The water-saving is desirable, however, if this represents a significant yield penalty, are not desirable for farmers (Bouman and Tuong, 2001;Wu et al, 2017) and unsustainable in the medium and long term. Similarly, by using GHGI as an indicator of mitigation is also considering the mitigation associated with increasing yields that could avoid increases in emissions by rice area expansion (Adhya et al, 2014).…”

Section: Considerations About the Climate Smartness Index (Csi) Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Climate Smartness Index (CSI) Based on Greenhouse Gas Intensity and Water Productivity: Application to Irrigated Rice

Arenas-Calle

Challinor

2019

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Efforts to increase agricultural productivity, adapt to climate change, and reduce the carbon footprint of agriculture are reflected in a growing interest in climate-smart agriculture (CSA). Specific indicators of productivity, adaptation and mitigation are commonly used in support of claims about the climate smartness of practices. However, it is rare that these three objectives can be optimized simultaneously by any one strategy. In evaluating the relative climate smartness of different agricultural practices, plans and policies, there is a need for metrics that can simultaneously represent all three objectives and therefore be used in comparing strategies that have different benefits and trade-offs across this triad of objectives. In this context, a method for developing a Climate Smartness Index (CSI) is presented. The process of developing the index follows four steps: (1) defining system specific climate smartness; (2) selecting relevant indicators; (3) normalizing against reference values from a systematic literature review; and (4) aggregating and weighting. The CSI presented here has been developed for application in a systematic review of rice irrigation strategies and it combines normalized water productivity (WP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) The CSI was developed for application to data from published field experiments that assessed the impact of water management practices in irrigated rice, focusing on practices heralded as climate-smart strategies, such as Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD). The analysis shows that the CSI can provide a consistent judgment of the treatments based on the evidence of water efficiency and reduced GHGI reported in such studies. Using a measurable and replicable index supports the aim of generating a reliable quantification of the climate smartness of agricultural practices. The same four step process can be used to build metrics for a broad range of CSA practice, policy and planning.

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Section: Considerations About the Climate Smartness Index (Csi) Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Climate Smartness Index (CSI) Based on Greenhouse Gas Intensity and Water Productivity: Application to Irrigated Rice

Arenas-Calle

Challinor

2019

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…For this system, water use efficiency was 2.5 times greater when compared with the flood system. Wu et al (2017), in China, investigated double rice systems over 17 years featuring (i) Continuous flooding, (ii) Flooding with midseason drying followed by flooding, (iii) Flooding followed by mid-season drying followed by intermittent irrigation without significant ponding and (iv) Flooding followed by rain-fed. For both the early-season and late-season rice crops the flooding system involving mid-season drying followed by flooding had the largest water irrigation usage, whereas flooding followed by rain-fed system had the smallest water irrigation usage.…”

Section: Associated Critical Literature Addressing Waterrice Issues Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global rice (Oryza sativa) production has been steadily increasing to the current 2019 production value of 501 million metric tons (USDA-ERS, online). Global rice is currently planted on 154 million ha, requiring approximately 11% of the worlds cultivated land; however, rice culture consumes approximately 80% of the total irrigated fresh water (Wu et al, 2017). Bouman et al (2006) determined that 34 to 43% of the worldwide freshwater resources are employed for irrigation of paddy rice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Production with Restricted Water Usage: A Global Perspective

Aide

2019

Egypt. J. Agron.

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G LOBAL rice production remains critically import for food security; however, fresh water is an ever-increasingly diminished resource. The objective of this manuscript is to select central and comprehensive research focusing on rice production and diminished water availability to isolate and authenticate emerging initiatives to address continuance of rice production and to ensure water sustainability. Three regions were selected: (i) Asia with an emphasis of China and India, (ii) The United States of America and (iii) The Mediterranean region with an emphasis on Egypt. Each of these regions recognize current or emerging issues associated with water quantity, water quality, urbanization, climate change and other technological, social and policy constraints; however, each region has a different hierarchy of issue importance. China and India recognize climate change, aquifer overdraft and pollution of water resources as central issues, whereas the mid-South region of the United States of America is more focused on irrigation technology to improve farm profitability. Egypt is primarily focused on water quantity and quality limitations, with substantial research addressing desertification and saline soils/water. This review focuses on stated research objectives in compelling, peer-reviewed literature to indicate regional approaches addressing the causes of restricted water availability for rice production and the most-probable approaches for maintaining rice production to safeguard food security and producer profitability. Thus, unique rice water management approaches are predicated on the region's water quantity and quality environmental assessment.

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“…The regional ET is a key parameter of the hydrological cycle, and ET, EWP, and RWP are non‐negligible mitigations in hydrological factor accounting, regardless of whether irrigation facilities are present . The advances regarding the use of generalized water resources, including green water and blue water, as water input items for GWP, are based on the impact of irrigation processes on water resources . This distinction is important for irrigation administration, as it is impossible to provide allocation strategies based on field crop ET alone .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the characteristics and driving forces of water footprint productivity in paddy rice cultivation in China

Sheng

Cao

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND: Water productivity improvement is fundamental to agricultural water use control, and the water footprint provides a new and comprehensive method for identifying the crop-water relationship. This study is intended to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and driving forces underlying the rice water footprint productivity (WFP) in China during the years 1996-2015 based on calculations of the provincial blue, green, gray, and white water footprints.RESULTS: The national water footprint in paddy rice cultivation was 240.97 Gm 3 , and green water accounted for 43.9% of the total. The WFP was 0.795 kg m −3 and increased over time in all 30 provinces for which it was calculated. The growth rate in the northern provinces was greater than that in the southern part of the country. The WFP clustered geographically in all years observed. High-value provinces were concentrated to the south of the Yangtze River, whereas most of the provinces that showed a low WFP were distributed in the north China and northwest subregions. Precipitation and sunshine hours were the most obvious driving factors of rice WFP. The effects of agricultural input, e.g., agricultural machinery power, pesticides, and irrigation efficiency, on WFP also could not be ignored.CONCLUSION: The WFP is a comprehensive and useful index of the crop-water relationship and water-use efficiency. Improving agricultural input and irrigation technology are reliable approaches for WFP promotion. Areas in northeast China showed the most urgent need for improving the rice WFP, and the inclusion of the main grain producing areas in the Yangtze River Basin will further reduce ineffective water occupancy to improve water-use efficiency. Partial least-squares regressionThe main driving factors that control WFP were identified by constructing the PLSR model, and the independent variables were Water footprint productivity www.soci.org

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Water consumption, grain yield, and water productivity in response to field water management in double rice systems in China

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

A Climate Smartness Index (CSI) Based on Greenhouse Gas Intensity and Water Productivity: Application to Irrigated Rice

A Climate Smartness Index (CSI) Based on Greenhouse Gas Intensity and Water Productivity: Application to Irrigated Rice

Rice Production with Restricted Water Usage: A Global Perspective

Analysis of the characteristics and driving forces of water footprint productivity in paddy rice cultivation in China

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