Water chemistry and its role in industrial water systems

Sygouni, Varvara; Koutsoukos, Petros G.; Paraskeva, Christakis Α.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822896-8.00007-8

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“…The interfacial tension of heptane and NaCl aqueous solutions containing AOT (i.e., anionic surfactant) are characterized by low interfacial tensions which were decreased with the increase of AOT concentration, and it reached a critical value when the AOT concentration was equal to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) . Micelle formation results in changes of the physical properties of the solutions such as surface tension, conductivity, and viscosity. , Apparent hydrophobicity of the pore surface may be enhanced due to the surface roughness, affecting both oil recovery and crystal nucleation. − According to Rashidi et al (2021), surface wettability was modified using a calcium carbonate nanofluid and resulted in improved oil recovery efficiency . AOT was found to act in different ways, depending on its concentration and the supersaturation of the aqueous phase with respect to calcium carbonate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Investigation of Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation in the Presence of Anionic Surfactant Aerosol OT

et al. 2023

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The effect of surface wettability on crystals formed during the flow of CaCl 2 and NaHCO 3 in microchips, which form in situ solutions supersaturated with respect to CaCO 3 , has been revealed in previous studies. Trapped oil−water interfaces were found to accelerate crystal nucleation, growth, and morphology. Chemical substances widely used in multiphase flow processes, such as surfactants may reduce scaling effects. In this work, precipitation of CaCO 3 was investigated in hydrophobic and hydrophilic microchips in the presence of a commonly used anionic surfactant, dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (aerosol OT or AOT). AOT was added in the supersaturated solutions, and crystal growth was visualized. The appearance and evolution of crystals growing inside the microchips showed that the aliphatic chain parts of AOT were the sites of CaCO 3 nucleation in the hydrophilic microchips. In hydrophobic microchips, the aliphatic chains of AOT were oriented to cover the hydrophobic surfaces inhibiting crystal nucleation. In the case of microchips previously saturated in ndodecane, AOT was a potent CaCO 3 scaling inhibitor at concentrations depending on the supersaturation ratio (SR) of the mixture solution.

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