Water-Borne Transmission of Influenza A Viruses?

Hinshaw, Virginia S.; Webster, Robert G.; Turner, Bruce

doi:10.1159/000149014

Cited by 162 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Only 5% of the 210 water samples tested in this study were positive by RT-qRT-PCR for the Influenza A matrix gene. Similar studies have documented higher detection rates in water samples, though reported prevalence varies widely by study, and in some cases with higher detection rates the water samples were collected near trapped sentinel birds or domestic ducks [43–45,49]. The prevalence of influenza positive fecal samples in this study is similar to other studies of environmentally collected fecal samples in North America [20,48,50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Detection of Influenza A viruses at migratory bird stopover sites in Michigan, USA

Lickfett

Clark

Gehring

et al. 2018

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Introduction: Influenza A viruses have the potential to cause devastating illness in humans and domestic poultry. Wild birds are the natural reservoirs of Influenza A viruses and migratory birds are implicated in their global dissemination. High concentrations of this virus are excreted in the faeces of infected birds and faecal contamination of shared aquatic habitats can lead to indirect transmission among birds via the faecal-oral route. The role of migratory birds in the spread of avian influenza has led to large-scale surveillance efforts of circulating avian influenza viruses through direct sampling of live and dead wild birds. Environmental monitoring of bird habitats using molecular detection methods may provide additional information on the persistence of influenza virus at migratory stopover sites distributed across large spatial scales. Materials and methods: In the current study, faecal and water samples were collected at migratory stopover sites and evaluated for Influenza A by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Results and Discussion: This study found that Influenza A was detected at 53% of the evaluated stopover sites, and 7% and 4.8% of the faecal and water samples, respectively, tested positive for Influenza A virus. Conclusion: Environmental monitoring detected Influenza A at stopover sites used by migratory birds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Hinshaw and co-workers [43,44] were the first to report successful isolation of Influenza A viruses from water samples collected from lakes in Alberta, Canada. Since then, other researchers have attempted to isolate or detect avian influenza viruses in environmental samples for the purposes of surveillance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Influenza A viruses at migratory bird stopover sites in Michigan, USA

Lickfett

Clark

Gehring

et al. 2018

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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“…Infection rates in the different areas studied confirmed the spread of the disease in aquatic habitats more than non-aquatic habitats (Hinshaw et al, 1979). It was equally found to be more widespread among Anatidae than among other species.…”

Section: Poultrymentioning

confidence: 56%

Type a influenza viruses in birds in southern Spain: Serological survey by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination inhibition tests

et al. 1990

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“…Characteristics of this aquatic bird reservoir system include subclinical viral infections within these avian hosts (Slemons et al 1974;Webster et al 1992), an efficient transmission mechanism involving the aquatic habitats used by these avian species (Webster et al 1992) and viral stability in water (Hinshaw et al 1979;Stallknecht et al 1990b). Viral replication within aquatic birds occurs within the epithelial cells lining the intestinal tract, and virus is excreted into the environment in high concentrations in faeces (Webster et al 1978;Hinshaw & Webster 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filter-feeding bivalves can remove avian influenza viruses from water and reduce infectivity

et al. 2009

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Avian influenza (AI) viruses are believed to be transmitted within wild aquatic bird populations through an indirect faecal -oral route involving contaminated water. This study examined the influence of filterfeeding bivalves, Corbicula fluminea, on the infectivity of AI virus in water. Clams were placed into individual flasks with distilled water inoculated 1 : 100 with a low pathogenic (LP) AI virus (A/Mallard/MN/190/99 (H3N8)). Viral titres in water with clams were significantly lower at 24 and 48 h post-inoculation compared to LPAI-infected water without clams. To determine whether clams affected the infectivity of AI viruses, 18 wood ducks (Aix sponsa) were divided into test groups and inoculated with a variety of treatments of clam supernatants, whole clams and water exposed to a high pathogenic (HP) AI (A/whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 (H5N1)). None of the wood ducks inoculated with HPAI-infected water that was filtered by clams or that was inoculated with or fed tissue from these clams exhibited morbidity or mortality. All wood ducks exposed to either HPAI-infected water without clams or the original viral inoculum died. These results indicate that filter-feeding bivalves can remove and reduce the infectivity of AI viruses in water and demonstrate the need to examine biotic environmental factors that can influence AI virus transmission.

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Water-Borne Transmission of Influenza A Viruses?

Abstract: The isolation of influenza A viruses from unconcentrated lake water and from fecal samples on the shore of these lakes is reported for the first time. Influenza A viruses, representative of most of the major antigenic subtypes, co-circulate in ducks on the lakes.

Cited by 162 publications

References 8 publications

Detection of Influenza A viruses at migratory bird stopover sites in Michigan, USA

Detection of Influenza A viruses at migratory bird stopover sites in Michigan, USA

Type a influenza viruses in birds in southern Spain: Serological survey by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination inhibition tests

Filter-feeding bivalves can remove avian influenza viruses from water and reduce infectivity

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