Water-based drill cuttings, a shale gas extraction waste as supplementary cementitious material and optimization

Microbial Synergistic Active Magnesium Oxide Solidification of Water-Based Drilling Cuttings and Analysis of Its Durability Strength Loss Mechanism

“…8 As water-based drilling fluids contain a variety of additives, heavy metals, and other harmful pollutants that pose a threat to the environment, the effective treatment and recycling of WDC have become popular research topics both domestically and internationally. 9 Previous studies have identified various disposal options for WDC, including direct landfilling, pyrolysis, 10 stabilization/ solidification (S/S), 11 and reuse as construction material, 8 microbial treatment. 6,12,13 The most prevalent method of treatment is the direct burial of the WDC within the soil.…”

“…17 Liu et al have demonstrated through experimentation that following the calcining of WDC at 830−870 °C for 28−32 min, a construction cement can be produced that meets mechanical and environmental standards by replacing 10 wt % of ordinary silicate cement and has a compressive strength of 52.00 MPa after 90 days of curing. 8 Microbial treatment of WDC uses the metabolism of microorganisms to degrade and mineralize the contaminants in the cuttings to meet environmental requirements. Wan et al employed highly efficient degradation bacteria to treat WDC within a bioreactor.…”

“…In recent times, there has been a consistent increase in the extraction of energy sources such as oil and gas to meet the demands of social progress. , Drilling fluids play an integral role in this extraction procedure by lubricating and cleansing the wellbore, serving as carriers, and transporting cuttings. , Water-based drilling fluids are advantageous over oil-based fluids due to their ease of construction, lower cost, and relatively lower levels of environmental pollution. , Consequently, water-based drilling fluids are widely used in the field of drilling engineering during the extraction of oil and gas . As the number of drilled wells continues to increase, a large quantity of water-based drilling cuttings (WDC) is generated . As water-based drilling fluids contain a variety of additives, heavy metals, and other harmful pollutants that pose a threat to the environment, the effective treatment and recycling of WDC have become popular research topics both domestically and internationally …”

“…Previous studies have identified various disposal options for WDC, including direct landfilling, pyrolysis, stabilization/solidification (S/S), and reuse as construction material, microbial treatment. ,, The most prevalent method of treatment is the direct burial of the WDC within the soil. However, the growing annual production of WDC consumes a significant amount of land resources while also posing a secondary hazard to the surrounding ecology .…”

“…Commonly used additives include cement and lime, which are mixed in specific proportions for use as construction materials, road foundations, backfill, etc . Liu et al have demonstrated through experimentation that following the calcining of WDC at 830–870 °C for 28–32 min, a construction cement can be produced that meets mechanical and environmental standards by replacing 10 wt % of ordinary silicate cement and has a compressive strength of 52.00 MPa after 90 days of curing . Microbial treatment of WDC uses the metabolism of microorganisms to degrade and mineralize the contaminants in the cuttings to meet environmental requirements.…”