Water balance and nutrient inputs in bulk precipitation in tropical montane cloud forest in Panama

Cavelier, Jaime; Jaramillo, M. Alejandra; Solis, Daniel Russ; León, Doris de

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(96)03151-4

Cited by 126 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The differences were large for K, Na, N, Ca, and Mg, and small for P, Fe and Mn. The results are similar to those of many other studies [7,11,26,27]. It is generally assumed that the wash-off of aerosol impact on the canopy (including branches and trunks) and leaching from the leaves are the two major sources of the extra nutrients in throughfall and stemflow [11].…”

Section: Nutrient Concentration and Fluxes In Precipitation Componentssupporting

confidence: 89%

Precipitation partitioning and related nutrient fluxes in a subtropical forest in Okinawa, Japan

Wang

Hirata

2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Precipitation partitioning into throughfall and stemflow and related hydrochemical fluxes were examined during a 3 y period from January 1998 to December 2000 in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest on Okinawa Island, Japan. Monthly water samples were collected to determine the concentrations and associated fluxes of bioelements. The mean annual precipitation during the study period was 3325 mm. Typhoons played a central role in the hydrology of the study forest with 11 typhoons contributing 29.1% of the total rainfall over the 3 y period. Throughfall and stemflow contributed 53.9% and 30.9% of the annual rainfall, respectively, implying a rainfall interception of 15.2%. The very high fraction of stemflow could be due to the crown morphology of the dominant species, Castanopsis sieboldii, that has inclined branches and concave shaped leaves. Mean pH in the precipitation was 6.22, and decreased significantly as the water passed through the canopy. Concentrations of total N, DOC, K, Na, Ca, and Mg showed a clear pattern of enrichment in both throughfall and stemflow compared to rainfall. The proximity to the Pacific Ocean strongly influenced the nutrient fluxes via rainfall at our site as illustrated by the extremely high Na fluxes via rainfall (213 kg Na ha -1 y -1 ) and throughfall plus stemflow (291 kg Na ha -1 y -1 ). The mean annual nutrient inputs (in kg ha -1 ) were: total N 43, P 2.6, K 76, Ca 49, Mg 30, Na 291, Al 1.8, Fe 1.0, and Mn 1.1. The input of DOC reached 361 kg C ha -1 y -1 . The high nutrient inputs via net precipitation (throughfall plus stemflow) especially for N at our site is thought to reflect the frequent occurrence of sea salt-induced stress and serious herbivory by insect.Castanopsis sieboldii / dissolved organic carbon / evergreen broad-leaved forest / nutrient cycling / stemflow / throughfall Résumé -Partition des précipitations et flux de nutriments dans une forêt subtropicale d'Okinawa au Japon. La partition des précipitations entre eau arrivant directement au sol et écoulement le long des troncs et flux hydrochimiques liés a été étudié pendant 3 ans de janvier 1998 à décembre 2000 dans une forêt feuillue à feuilles persistantes de l'île d'Okinawa au Japon. Mensuellement des échantillons d'eau étaient collectés pour déterminer les concentrations et les flux des bioéléments. Les précipitations annuelles moyennes pendant la période étudiée ont atteint 3325 mm. Les typhons jouent un rôle central dans l'hydrologie de la forêt étudiée avec 11 typhons contribuant à 29,1 % des précipitations totales pour les 3 ans de la période d'étude. L'eau arrivant directement au sol et l'écoulement le long des troncs représentent respectivement 53,9 % et 30,9 % des précipitations incidentes annuelles, impliquant une interception des précipitations de 15,2 %. La part importante de l'écoulement le long des troncs pourrait être dû à la morphologie des couronnes de l'espèce dominante Castanopsis sieboldii qui a des branches inclinées et des feuilles de formes concaves. Le pH des précipitati...

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Section: Nutrient Concentration and Fluxes In Precipitation Componentssupporting

confidence: 89%

Precipitation partitioning and related nutrient fluxes in a subtropical forest in Okinawa, Japan

Wang

Hirata

2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…The increase in turbulence within the canopy, is likely to increase efficiency of both cloud water capture by vegetation (Asbury et al, 1994;Cavelier et al, 1997;Clark et al, 1998c;Sugden, 1981), and downward flow of moisture. The high surface roughness is likely to considerably increase the radiation receipt of the forest by exposing a greater surface area of vegetation (Grubb and Whitmore, 1967).…”

Section: Modification Of Microclimate Profile By Forest Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Epiphytic bryophytes and habitat variation in montane rainforest, Peru

Romanski¹,

Pharo

Kirkpatrick³

2011

The Bryologist

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A total of 190 holoepiphytic and 5 hemiepiphytic vascular plant species were collected from the canopy and the trunk of an emergent Ficus L. species host that is common to a Peruvian cloud forest. One hundred and fourteen of the vascular epiphyte species were orchids. A large majority of the vascular species were rare in occurrence. Vascular epiphyte diversity and density was highest in the outer canopy zone of the host crown. In the inner canopy zone there was a dearth of epiphytes, attributed to a high rate of epiphyte slumping on the smooth-barked branches. The trunk had a different suit of species to those found in the canopy.During the wet season, the thickening of epiphytic matter in the outer canopy zone appeared to contribute to a large amelioration of daytime and nocturnal temperatures through evaporation and heat retention respectively.Nocturnal temperatures were highest in the outer canopy zone, and were lowest on the forest floor. The latter was attributed to the downward flow of the product of radiative cooling as a result of the heterogeneous canopy on the steep slope.Epiphyte clumps appear to slump before competition causes the loss of early successional species. Some species showed a preference for more shaded epiphyte clumps and many were more frequent on smaller branch diameters. Most species showed a moderately high niche overlap with a large number of other species, which suggested a high degree of species coexistence.Epiphyte slumping is suggested to be the major driving mechanism for the maintenance of non-equilibrium in the community. Aspects of the phenologies of epiphytes, age-structure of the community and high environmental variation could be other mechanisms for the maintenance of a high degree of species coexistence.iii

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“…In UMCF and SCF we found a strong decrease for nitrate from incident rainfall to throughfall. It has been suggested that high epiphytic biomass in tropical cloud forests act as "nutrient capacitor", absorbing sulphur (SO4) and nitrogen (N) (Cavelier et al 1997). The decrease of nitrate and sulphate with throughfall in the Yungas might support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Nutrient Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%