Water as a Source of Indoor Air Contamination with Potentially Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila in Aquaculture

Abstract

Human activities influence the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in indoor air. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the experimental rearing of European grayling and European perch in a recirculating aquaculture system on the contamination of indoor air with potentially pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila (PPAH) and the resulting health risks to humans. The PPAH counts, their resistance to seven antibiotics, and the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index were determined in samples of indoor air and water from rearing tanks. The PPAH counts were highest in the laboratory bioaerosol where two fish species were reared. The calculated indoor/outdoor ratio (I/O > 1) demonstrated that tank water was the internal source of PPAH emissions. The unconstrained PCA revealed strong positive relationships (p ≤ 0.05) between the PPAH counts in the indoor air and water samples. Most of the PPAH strains isolated from laboratory air were resistant to tetracycline, cefotaxime, and erythromycin, and 26–82% of the isolates exhibited multiple drug resistance. The values of the MAR index were similar in samples of laboratory air and water (0.23–0.34 and 0.24–0.36, respectively). Agglomerative clustering revealed two clusters of strains isolated from laboratory air and tank water. The results of this study indicate that aquaculture can be a source of indoor air contamination with PPAH.

Motile aeromonads recovered from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the Philippines: assessment of antibiotic susceptibility and multidrug resistance to selected antibiotics

“…The susceptibility of A. hydrophila and A sobria isolates was determined on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA; Merck, Germany) employing the disc diffusion technique (Bauer et al, 1966) as described by Gołaś et al (2022). The antibacterial susceptibility tests involved 10 antimicrobial drugs belonging to the most popular classes of antibiotics including betalactams, phenicols, macrolides, aminoglycosides, nitrofurans, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides.…”

“…sufficiently separated so as to prevent the overlapping of the inhibition zones. The plates were then incubated at 30ºC for 18-24 h (Gołaś et al, 2022). The antibiotic susceptibility of the tested bacterial isolates was evaluated based on the guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2012).…”

Unveiling a Virulence-Regulating Mechanism in Aeromonas hydrophila: a Quantitative Exoproteomic Analysis of an AraC-Like Protein

“…Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogen that can be transmitted from humans to animals and fish, and is one of the main pathogenic bacteria responsible for bacterial fish diseases. It can cause various illnesses in fish, including gastroenteritis, septicemia, and necrotizing fasciitis ( 6 , 7 ). The VFs of A. hydrophila can be divided into two categories: structural molecules such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins (OMPs), S-layer proteins, and flagella, and virulence-related extracellular secretions, many of which are proteases that are biosynthesized in the cytoplasm and then secreted outside of the cell to infect hosts and cause diseases ( 8 , 9 ).…”

The Influence of Commercial Feed Supplemented with Carnobacterium maltaromaticum Environmental Probiotic Bacteria on the Rearing Parameters and Microbial Safety of Juvenile Rainbow Trout

“…In aquaculture, potentially pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms are difficult to eliminate because only a small number of pharmacological products have been approved for use in RAS. Chemotherapeutic agents exert a negative impact on other components of aquaculture, the surrounding environment, and organisms colonizing that environment, which prompts the search for new methods to protect the health of farmed fish [ 13 , 14 ].…”