Water and oxidative homeostasis, Na+/K+ transport, and stress-defensive proteins associated with spermine-induced salt tolerance in creeping bentgrass

Geng, Wan; Qiu, Yongsen; Peng, Yan; Zhang, Yan; Zhou, Li

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104659

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Fv/Fm represents the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII and is commonly used to illustrate the photochemical efficiency of PSII in plant leaves. PIABS, a key indicator of maximum photochemical efficiency and total numbers of activated photochemical reaction centers of PS II, reflects health status of chloroplasts under stress conditions, such as high-temperature stress, drought, salt stress, and shade stress ( Geng et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Zeng et al, 2021 ). Alteration in the PIABS is more sensitive than the Fv/Fm in response to environmental stresses ( Yang and Chen, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Responses of Common and Hybrid Bermudagrasses to Shade Stress Associated With Changes in Morphology, Photosynthesis, and Secondary Metabolites

et al. 2022

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Alteration of ploidy in one particular plant species often influences their environmental adaptation. Warm-season bermudagrass is widely used as forage, turfgrass, and ground-cover plant for ecological remediation, but exhibits low shade tolerance. Adaptive responses to shade stress between triploid hybrid bermudagrass cultivars [“Tifdwarf” (TD), “Tifsport” (TS), and “Tifway” (TW)] and tetraploid common bermudagrass cultivar “Chuanxi” (CX) were studied based on changes in phenotype, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolites in leaves and stems. Shade stress (250 luminance, 30 days) significantly decreased stem diameter and stem internode length, but did not affect the leaf width of four cultivars. Leaf length of CX, TD, or TW showed no change in response to shade stress, whereas shade stress significantly elongated the leaf length of TS. The CX and the TS exhibited significantly higher total chlorophyll (Chl), Chl a, carotenoid contents, photosynthetic parameters [PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance] in leaves than the TW and the TD under shade stress. The CX also showed a significantly higher performance index on absorption basis (PIABS) in leaf and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in leaf and stem than the other three cultivars under shade stress. In addition, the TS maintained higher proantho cyanidims content than the TW and the TD after 30 days of shade stress. Current results showed that tetraploid CX exhibited significantly higher shade tolerance than triploid TD, TS, and TW mainly by maintaining higher effective photosynthetic leaf area, photosynthetic performance of PSI and PSII (Pn and Fv/Fm), and photosynthetic pigments as well as lower Chl a/b ratio for absorption, transformation, and efficient use of light energy under shade stress. For differential responses to shade stress among three triploid cultivars, an increase in leaf length and maintenance of higher Fv/Fm, gas exchange, water use efficiency, carotenoid, and proanthocyanidin contents in leaves could be better morphological and physiological adaptations of TS to shade than other hybrid cultivars (TD and TW).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Responses of Common and Hybrid Bermudagrasses to Shade Stress Associated With Changes in Morphology, Photosynthesis, and Secondary Metabolites

et al. 2022

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“…Plants develop various adaptive strategies against salt stress, such as alterations in defense-associated compounds and PAs ( Gupta et al, 2013 ). It has been well documented that regulation of PA accumulation and metabolism improved tolerance against various types of environmental stresses, including salt stress, by triggering many biochemical reactions in white clover and other plant species ( Li et al, 2020b , d ; Geng et al, 2021 ). In response to salt stress, total PAs and Put significantly accumulated in salt-tolerant PI237232 and Tr005 but significantly declined in salt-sensitive PI251432 and Korla compared to normal conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endogenous PAs, Put, Spd, and Spm were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Agilent-1200, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States) with some modifications based on the method of Duan et al (2008) , which was demonstrated in our previous study ( Li et al, 2016 ). To determine Na + and K + contents, an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, ICAP6300, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, United States) was used, and the assay method in detail has been recorded in the study by Geng et al (2021) . The transcriptome was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves of the white clover in response to salt stress.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Responses to Salt Stress in Four White Clover Genotypes Associated With Root Growth, Endogenous Polyamines Metabolism, and Sodium/Potassium Accumulation and Transport

Geng

Tan

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Selection and utilization of salt-tolerant crops are essential strategies for mitigating salinity damage to crop productivity with increasing soil salinization worldwide. This study was conducted to identify salt-tolerant white clover (Trifolium repens) genotypes among 37 materials based on a comprehensive evaluation of five physiological parameters, namely, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photochemical efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm), performance index on an absorption basis (PIABS), and leaf relative water content (RWC), and to further analyze the potential mechanism of salt tolerance associated with changes in growth, photosynthetic performance, endogenous polyamine metabolism, and Na+/K+ uptake and transport. The results showed that significant variations in salt tolerance were identified among 37 genotypes, as PI237292 and Tr005 were the top two genotypes with the highest salt tolerance, and PI251432 and Korla were the most salt-sensitive genotypes compared to other materials. The salt-tolerant PI237292 and Tr005 not only maintained significantly lower EL but also showed significantly better photosynthetic performance, higher leaf RWC, underground dry weight, and the root to shoot ratio than the salt-sensitive PI251432 and Korla under salt stress. Increases in endogenous PAs, putrescine (Put), and spermidine (Spd) contents could be key adaptive responses to salt stress in the PI237292 and the Tr005 through upregulating genes encoding Put and Spd biosynthesis (NCA, ADC, SAMDC, and SPDS2). For Na+ and K+ accumulation and transport, higher salt tolerance of the PI237292 could be associated with the maintenance of Na+ and Ca+ homeostasis associated with upregulations of NCLX and BTB/POZ. The K+ homeostasis-related genes (KEA2, HAK25, SKOR, POT2/8/11, TPK3/5, and AKT1/5) are differentially expressed among four genotypes under salt stress. However, the K+ level and K+/Na+ ratio were not completely consistent with the salt tolerance of the four genotypes. The regulatory function of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on salt tolerance in the white clover and other leguminous plants needs to be investigated further. The current findings also provide basic genotypes for molecular-based breeding for salt tolerance in white clover species.

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“…The study of Yadav et al (2012) found that SbSOS1 could transport Na + from the phloem to the xylem resulting in reduced Na + toxicity in living cells. Exogenous Spm significantly up-regulated the AsSOS1 expression associated with maintenance of low Na + content and higher K + /Na + ratio in leaves and roots when creeping bentgrass suffered from salt stress ( Geng et al, 2021 ). Significant up-regulation of SOS1 and H + -ATP expression levels was observed only in the Put-pretreated white clover seedlings after 7 days of germination under salt stress indicating that the Put-enhanced salt tolerance was related to the SOS pathway ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dry powdered samples (0.3 g) and 5 ml of nitric acid were added into a Teflon digestion inner tank overnight and placed in a constant temperature drying oven at 80°C for 1.5 h, 120°C for 1.5 h, and then at 160°C for 4 h, respectively. After all acids in the tank evaporated, the residues were washed with 1% nitric acid solution thrice to get a constant volume (25 ml) for the estimation of Na and K contents ( Geng et al, 2021 ). The Na and K contents in the solution were then determined by using the American thermoelectric inductively coupled plasma (ICP) inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICAP6300).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolites Reprogramming and Na+/K+ Transportation Associated With Putrescine-Regulated White Clover Seed Germination and Seedling Tolerance to Salt Toxicity

et al. 2022

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Soil salinization is a serious challenge to many countries worldwide. Putrescine (Put) is related to the improvement of seed germination under salt stress, but molecular and metabolic mechanisms are still not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of seed soaking with Put on germination characteristics under salt stress induced by 100 mm sodium chloride (NaCl) and to further analyze subsequent stress tolerance associated with amylolysis, oxidative damage, sodium (Na+)/ potassium (K+) accumulation and transportation, and metabolic homeostasis in white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) seedlings. The results showed that seed soaking with Put significantly alleviated salt-induced decreases in the endogenous Put content, germination rate, germination vigor, germination index, Rl/SL, and fresh/dry weight of seedlings. Put application also significantly promoted starch metabolism through activating α-amylase and β-amylase activities under salt stress. The metabolomic analysis showed that seed soaking with Put significantly increased the accumulation of polyamines (Put and spermidine), amino acids (γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, alanine, proline, citrulline, etc.), organic acids (ketopentanic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, ketopentanic acid, cis-sinapinic acid, etc.), lipids and fatty acids (glycerol, stearic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, etc.), sugars (levoglucosan, fucose, and anhydro-D-galactose), alcohols (myo-inositol, allo-inositol, hexadecanol, and threitol), and other metabolites (thymine, xanthine, adenine, guanine, and glycerol 1-phosphate, etc.) associated with enhanced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt contributing to better osmotic adjustment, cell membrane stability, energy supply, and metabolic homeostasis when seeds germinated under salt stress. In addition, Put significantly up-regulated the AsSOS1, NHX6, SKOR, HKT1, and HKT8 expression levels which played critical roles in Na+ rejection and K+ retention resulting in higher K+/Na+ ratio during seed germination under salt stress. The Put-induced up-regulation of HAL2 transcription level could reduce the toxicity of 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) in cells. Current findings will provide an integrative understanding of Put-induced salt tolerance associated with amylolysis, metabolic regulation, and ionic homeostasis during seed germination.

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Water and oxidative homeostasis, Na+/K+ transport, and stress-defensive proteins associated with spermine-induced salt tolerance in creeping bentgrass

Cited by 18 publications

References 74 publications

Adaptive Responses of Common and Hybrid Bermudagrasses to Shade Stress Associated With Changes in Morphology, Photosynthesis, and Secondary Metabolites

Adaptive Responses of Common and Hybrid Bermudagrasses to Shade Stress Associated With Changes in Morphology, Photosynthesis, and Secondary Metabolites

Differential Responses to Salt Stress in Four White Clover Genotypes Associated With Root Growth, Endogenous Polyamines Metabolism, and Sodium/Potassium Accumulation and Transport

Metabolites Reprogramming and Na+/K+ Transportation Associated With Putrescine-Regulated White Clover Seed Germination and Seedling Tolerance to Salt Toxicity

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