WATER AND LIPID ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF LIGNIN‐REDUCED SOY HULLS<sup>1,</sup><sup>2</sup>

Muzilla, M.; Unklesbay, Nan; Helsel, Zane R.; Unklesbay, K.; Ellersieck, Mark R.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-4557.1989.tb00332.x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Across local litter of both regions, C w and q w decreased with increasing initial lignin concentration or lignin/N ratio. These relationships might be explained by hydrophobic binding of cellulose and hemicellulose by lignin which reduces water absorption by the former cell wall constituents (Muzilla et al, 1989). It is possible that at least part of the observed negative relationship between lignin/N ratio and decomposition in Mediterranean regions (Aerts, 1997) is actually circumstantial evidence of a direct effect of water-vapor absorption on decay.…”

Section: Water Vapor As Driver Of Litter Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric water vapor as driver of litter decomposition in Mediterranean shrubland and grassland during rainless seasons

Dirks

Navon

Kanas

et al. 2010

Global Change Biology

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Litter production in many drought-affected ecosystems coincides with the beginning of an extended season of no or limited rainfall. Because of lack of moisture litter decomposition during such periods has been largely ignored so far, despite potential importance for the overall decay process in such ecosystems. To determine drivers and extent of litter decay in rainless periods, a litterbag study was conducted in Mediterranean shrublands, dwarf shrublands and grasslands. Heterogeneous local and common straw litter was left to decompose in open and shaded patches of various field sites in two study regions. Fresh local litter lost 4-18% of its initial mass over about 4 months without rainfall, which amounted to 15-50% of total annual decomposition. Lab incubations and changes in chemical composition suggested that litter was degraded by microbial activity, enabled by absorption of water vapor from the atmosphere. High mean relative humidity of 85% was measured during 8-9 h of most nights, but the possibility of fog deposition or dew formation at the soil surface was excluded. Over 95% of the variation in mass loss and changes in litter nitrogen were explained by characteristics of water-vapor uptake by litter. Photodegradation induced by the intense solar radiation was an additional mechanism of litter decomposition as indicated by lignin dynamics. Lignin loss from litter increased with exposure to ultraviolet radiation and with initial lignin concentration, together explaining 90%-97% of the variation in lignin mass change. Our results indicate that water vapor, solar radiation and litter quality controlled decomposition and changes in litter chemistry during rainless seasons. Many regions worldwide experience transient periods without rainfall, and more land area is expected to undergo reductions in rainfall as a consequence of climate change. Therefore, absorption of water vapor might play a role in decomposition and nutrient cycling in an increasing number of ecosystems.

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Section: Water Vapor As Driver Of Litter Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric water vapor as driver of litter decomposition in Mediterranean shrubland and grassland during rainless seasons

Dirks

Navon

Kanas

et al. 2010

Global Change Biology

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“…According to Bednar et al ( 77 ), the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) fraction can increase the water-holding capacity of digesta resulting in greater fecal output. Muzilla et al ( 78 ) also reported that heat significantly increased water absorption of soy hulls which is a component of WSB. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) contributed to fecal bulk and promoted laxation ( 14 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Apparent total tract digestibility and palatability of extruded diets with graded levels of whole soybeans by dogs

Kim

Zheng

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Fat has high energy density and is considered one of the primary energy sources for dogs, however, increasing fat level in dry dog food has been challenging due to the lubrication and limitation of the coating system. The objective was to determine the effect of whole soybeans (WSB) on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and palatability by dogs. The corn gluten meal, chicken fat, and brewers rice were replaced by WSB at 10, 20, and 30% (WSB10, WSB20, and WSB30, respectively) in the base diet (WSB0). Twelve beagles were randomly assigned. The digestibility trial was duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design where dogs were allowed a 9-d adaptation followed by a 5-d total fecal collection for each period. Least-square means were analyzed with a single degree of freedom contrasts and significance at α = 0.05. Palatability was determined with a 2-bowl test by 20 beagles for 2 d with each WSB diet compared to the WSB0. First choice preference between two diets and total food consumption were recorded. Individual intake ratios (IR) were calculated (intake of each diet/total intake) for each dog. First choice (FC) was analyzed by a Chi-square probability, and the diet consumption was compared by a Wilcoxon signed rank test and a 2-way analysis of variance. Fecal moisture, output, and defecation frequency increased linearly (P < 0.05) as WSB increased. Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, fat, and gross energy decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as dogs fed the increased level of WSB. The fresh fecal pH in dogs decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as WSB content increased. The acetate, propionate, and the total short-chain fatty acid concentration increased linearly (P < 0.05) while the total branched-chain fatty acid concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as WSB increased. Dogs had greater (P < 0.05) FC for WSB diets than WSB0, but there was no difference among treatments for diet consumption and IR. In conclusion, additional thermal processing before extrusion may improve nutrient digestibility of WSB. The stool quality and palatability were not affected, and fermentation in hindgut increased by WSB by dogs.

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“…They later attributed this fact to most of their reported differences between simulated and measured product temperatures. In this study, the minced pork was mixed with soy hulls, which can absorb up to 10 times their weight in water (Muzilla et al 1989), under various processing conditions. In this study, product yield was greater than with pork tissue alone, probably because on a microscale, the water migrated from the denatured proteins to the soy hulls and was absorbed by them.…”

Section: Heat Transfer Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR A RESTRUCTURED PORK/SOY HULL PRODUCT¹

Unklesbay¹,

Unklesbay

Biedrzycki³

1991

J Food Process Engineering

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Heat transfer coefficients, h, (J/cm2°C min) were determined for a pork/soy hull mixture during heating in a convection oven (142°C) with and without control of the dew point. Data were acquired by heat processing 5 stacked layers of product (10 × 10 × 1 cm) so that heat was only conducted into the top surface. One experiment was designed to determine h when the second layer from the top reached one of 6 temperatures: 20, 32, 44, 56, 68 and 77°C, with no control of the dew point. the second experiment determined h for 60 min of heating for 5 dew point levels: 6, 21, 31, 40 and 50°C. Without the control of humidity, values for h ranged from 0.0170–0.0366 J/cm2°C min. the heat transfer coefficient increased with temperature and heat processing time. Product yield and surface area ratios decreased as h increased. When relative humidity was controlled, values for h ranged from 0.0167–0.0270 J/cm2°C min, decreasing for dew points above 31°C.

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WATER AND LIPID ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF LIGNIN‐REDUCED SOY HULLS^1,²

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Atmospheric water vapor as driver of litter decomposition in Mediterranean shrubland and grassland during rainless seasons

Atmospheric water vapor as driver of litter decomposition in Mediterranean shrubland and grassland during rainless seasons

Apparent total tract digestibility and palatability of extruded diets with graded levels of whole soybeans by dogs

CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR A RESTRUCTURED PORK/SOY HULL PRODUCT¹

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WATER AND LIPID ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF LIGNIN‐REDUCED SOY HULLS1,2

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Atmospheric water vapor as driver of litter decomposition in Mediterranean shrubland and grassland during rainless seasons

Atmospheric water vapor as driver of litter decomposition in Mediterranean shrubland and grassland during rainless seasons

Apparent total tract digestibility and palatability of extruded diets with graded levels of whole soybeans by dogs

CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR A RESTRUCTURED PORK/SOY HULL PRODUCT1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

WATER AND LIPID ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF LIGNIN‐REDUCED SOY HULLS^1,²

CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR A RESTRUCTURED PORK/SOY HULL PRODUCT¹