Water and Energy Requirements of Captive and Free-Living Collared Peccaries

Zervanos, Stam M.; Day, Gerald I.

doi:10.2307/3800527

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This situation is most likely the main reason for the changes in activity patterns and increase of temporal overlap found for the collared and white-lipped peccaries in the dry season. The seasonal activity change found for the collared peccaries is consistent with results obtained in the arid regions of the southwestern USA, where this species tends to increase its (Bigler 1974;Bissonette 1978;Donkin 1985;Eddy 1961;Green et al 2001;Ilse and Hellgren 1995;Sowls 1997;Zervanos and Day 1977;Zervanos and Hadley 1973). Eddy (1961) considered collared peccaries to be daytime foragers, with a strong tendency to react to temperature because of their prolonged activity during the day under mild winter temperatures and their restriction of foraging to early morning and late afternoon on hot summer days.…”

Section: Activity Pattern and Thermal Nichesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Despite the capacity of endotherms to maintain a fixed body temperature in a wide range of thermal environments, the maintenance of this body temperature may come with a significant energy or water cost (Porter and Kearney, 2009). Even with all the mentioned adaptations for survival in arid environments, it is estimated that collared peccaries in nature may lose up to 1.35 l of water (nearly 10 % of their total body water) on a hot summer day (Zervanos and Day 1977). We frequently recorded collared peccaries digging the soil and foraging along the artificial ponds banks, most likely searching for invertebrate species that comprise part of their diet in the Pantanal (Desbiez et al 2009;Sicuro and Oliveira 2002).…”

Section: Activity Pattern and Thermal Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collared peccary (17-35 kg) and the white-lipped peccary (25-40 kg) do not display the behavioral strategies commonly used by mammals to address these challenges in arid environments, such as digging holes and burying themselves, and/or tolerate direct sun exposure for prolonged periods because of their low thermal inertia (property associated with the body size) (Cain et al 2006;Zervanos and Hadley 1973). For these reasons, the collared peccary has been considered a model organism to study physiological and behavioral adaptations in arid environments over the past four decades (Gabor et al 1997;Sowls 1997;Zervanos 1975;Zervanos and Day 1977;Zervanos and Hadley 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Implications of climatic seasonality on activity patterns and resource use by sympatric peccaries in northern Pantanal

et al. 2015

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We evaluated the effects of climate seasonality from a thermal and water availability perspective on the activity patterns and resource use of Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari during wet and dry seasons in the northeastern Brazilian Pantanal. We used camera traps and temperature sensors to record species activity patterns in relation to temperature, established five habitat categories based on flooding intensity and local vegetation characteristics, assessed the activity patterns of each species in dry and wet periods and in artificial water bodies using circular statistical metrics, and calculated niche amplitude and overlap on three axes (temperature, time, and habitat) in both periods. Peccaries shared a strong resemblance in resource use and in their responses to seasonal variations in the tested gradients. The activity patterns of both species exhibited a significant correlation with air temperature on all the evaluated measures, and both species strongly reduced their activity when the air temperature exceeded 35 °C. High temperatures associated with low water availability were most likely responsible for the changes in species activity patterns, which resulted in an increased temporal overlap in habitat use throughout the dry season. However, the peccaries avoided intensively flooded habitats; therefore, the habitat gradient overlap was greater during the wet period. Our results show that an increase in niche overlap on the environmental gradient as a result of climatic seasonality may be partially compensated by a reduction in other niche dimensions. In this case, temporal partitioning appears to be an important, viable mechanism to reduce competition by potentially competing species.

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Section: Activity Pattern and Thermal Nichesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Activity Pattern and Thermal Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Implications of climatic seasonality on activity patterns and resource use by sympatric peccaries in northern Pantanal

et al. 2015

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“…Based on our findings, we can only say that predators were attracted to water sites; we cannot say that water increased predation rates, improved predator fitness, or that ungulates avoided water sites because of the periodic presence of predators. Although peccaries have been documented drinking at some of these water sites (Cutler 1996), in at least some instances they do not need free-standing water because of their diet of succulent plants (Zervanos and Day 1977). Thus, we were not surprised to find no difference in peccary sign between water and non-water sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Observations of predator activity at wildlife water developments in southern Arizona

DeStefano¹,

Schmidt²,

DeVos³

2000

REM

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Wildlife water developments have been constructed and maintained throughout the arid western United States to benefit big game and upland gamebird populations. There is debate, however, over possible detriments to wildlife from artificial water sources in deserts and other arid environments. One concern is that water developments attract predators, which then impact the prey populations that these developments are intended to benefit. To examine the extent of predator activity around water developments, we examined 15 paired water and non-water (random) sites for sign (scats, tracks, visual observations, animal parts such as feathers and bones, and carcasses) of predators and prey. Predator sign was 7x greater around water sites than nonwater sites (P = 0.002). Coyote (Canis latrans Say) sign accounted for 79% of all predator sign and was 7x greater near water than away from water (P = 0.006). Amount of sign for all prey species combined was not different between paired sites (P = 0.6), but results for individual species and groups of species was variable; passerine and gallinaceous bird sign was greater around water sites (P = 0.008), ungulate sign was not different between water and non-water sites (P 0.20), and lagomorph sign was almost 2x greater away from water than near water (P = 0.05). Predators were probably attracted to wildlife water developments to drink rather than hunt; without water developments, predators may be even more concentrated around the fewer natural water sites.

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“…These species differ in their diet, foraging height, activity pattern, and water loss mechanisms, but they all share the ability to meet their water requirements through the food they consume (Zervanos and Day, 1977;Glander, 1978;Nagy and Montgomery, 1980;Golightly and Ohmart, 1984). Additionally, δ 18 O values for these facultative drinkers are more elevated than other taxa at SSR than at EZ (Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Figure 1).…”

Section: Physiological Adaptations Impact δ 18 O Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Oxygen Isotope Values in Collagen Reflect the Ecology and Physiology of Neotropical Mammals?

et al. 2015

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Stable isotope data provide insight into the foraging ecology of animals. Traditionally, carbon and nitrogen isotope values have been used to infer dietary and habitat preferences. Oxygen isotopes are used less frequently but may complement the ecological information provided by carbon and nitrogen, particularly in densely forested or arid environments. Additionally, because oxygen is preserved in both bioapatite and collagen, it is useful for paleoecological studies. To investigate the suitability of oxygen isotopes for complementing and building on ecological applications of carbon and nitrogen isotopes, we analyze all three isotopes in bone collagen for nearly identical assemblages of Costa Rican mammals in two ecologically distinct habitats -an evergreen rainforest and a seasonal dry forest. We assess the degree to which differences in habitat, activity pattern, diet, arboreality, and thermoregulation are revealed by each of the isotope systems. Our results highlight the potential of oxygen isotopes in modern and paleoecological contexts. In addition to reflecting habitat type, oxygen isotope values in collagen distinguish species on the basis of vertical habitat stratification and drinking behavior. Within a locality, individuals with low oxygen isotope values likely track meteoric water, whereas those with elevated values most likely consume evaporatively-enriched plant tissues, such as canopy leaves. These patterns will be useful in reconstructing paleoenvironments and interpreting ecological differences among taxa both extant and extinct.

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Water and Energy Requirements of Captive and Free-Living Collared Peccaries

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Implications of climatic seasonality on activity patterns and resource use by sympatric peccaries in northern Pantanal

Implications of climatic seasonality on activity patterns and resource use by sympatric peccaries in northern Pantanal

Observations of predator activity at wildlife water developments in southern Arizona

Do Oxygen Isotope Values in Collagen Reflect the Ecology and Physiology of Neotropical Mammals?

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