Water and Electrolyte Content of Human Intervertebral Discs Under Variable Load

Kraemer, Juergen; Kolditz, Daniel; Gowin, R.

doi:10.1097/00007632-198501000-00011

Cited by 136 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…It has been shown that sustained compression on the discs, as occurs during sitting, hampers¯uid¯ow into the disc (Kingma et al 2000), which consequently aOE ects disc nutrition adversely (Maroudas et al 1975, Holm et al 1981. Reducing the compression force acting on the spine (Kraemer et al 1985) or imposing movements (Deursen et al 2001) may both reduce or reverse the¯ow of¯uid from the disc. This would result in reduced spinal shrinkage or enhanced recovery of shrinkage, since spinal shrinkage is in part accounted for by¯uid¯ow from the intervertebral discs (Roberts et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dynamic office chairs on trunk kinematics, trunk extensor EMG and spinal shrinkage

2001

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To cite this Article van DieËn, J. H. , De Looze, M. P. and Hermans, V. (2001) 'Effects of dynamic office chairs on trunk kinematics, trunk extensor EMG and spinal shrinkage ', Ergonomics, 44: 7,[739][740][741][742][743][744][745][746][747][748][749][750] To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/00140130120297 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130120297Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Seated work has been shown to constitute a risk factor for low-back pain. This is attributed to the prolonged and monotonous low-level mechanical load imposed by a seated posture. To evaluate the potential health eOE ects with respect to the low back of o ce chairs with a movable seat and back rest, trunk kinematics, erector spinae EMG, spinal shrinkage and local discomfort were assessed in 10 subjects performing simulated o ce work. On three separate occasions subjects performed a 3 h task consisting of word processing, computer-aided design and reading. Three chairs were used, one with a ® xed seat and back rest and two dynamic chairs, one with a seat and back rest movable in a ® xed ratio with respect to each other, and one with a freely movable seat and back rest. Spinal shrinkage measurements showed a larger stature gain when working on the two dynamic chairs as compared with working on the chair with ® xed seat and back rest. Trunk kinematics and erector spinae EMG were strongly aOE ected by the task performed but not by the chair type. The results imply that dynamic o ce chairs oOE er a potential advantage over ® xed chairs, but the eOE ects of the task on the indicators of trunk load investigated were more pronounced than the eOE ects of the chair. EOE ects of dynamic o ce chairs on trunk kinematics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dynamic office chairs on trunk kinematics, trunk extensor EMG and spinal shrinkage

2001

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“…Under load, the disc loses water, with an increasing concentration of sodium and potassium ions. The increase in electrolyte concentration acts as an osmotic reabsorption force and with load reduction disc volume and height is restored [13]. Irreversible loss of disc height may be found with the reduction of disc tissue volume, for example in cases of disc herniation [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between height, shape and histological changes in early degeneration of the lower lumbar discs

1998

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“…The opposite occurs when the load is released, i. e. an influx of fluid to the disc and an increase in disc height. Kraemer et al (1985) showed that a disc after a long period of loading and water loss gets a higher concentration of electrolytes. This increases its osmotic absorption force and also aids holding back the remaining yater.…”

Section: Properties Of the Intervertebral Discmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial seating and spinal loading

Eklund

1988

Clinical Biomechanics

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Water and Electrolyte Content of Human Intervertebral Discs Under Variable Load

Cited by 136 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of dynamic office chairs on trunk kinematics, trunk extensor EMG and spinal shrinkage

Effects of dynamic office chairs on trunk kinematics, trunk extensor EMG and spinal shrinkage

The relationship between height, shape and histological changes in early degeneration of the lower lumbar discs

Industrial seating and spinal loading

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