Water activities, osmotic and activity coefficients in aqueous chloride solutions atT= 298.15 K by the hygrometric method

Hygrometric determination of water activities, osmotic and activity coefficients of (NaCl+ KCl)(aq) at T= 298.15 K

“…(14,15) The resulting values are β (0) = 0.0738, β (1) = 0.2712, C φ = 0.00167 for NaCl(aq) and β (0) = 0.04631, β (1) = 0.2157, C φ = 0.00003 for KCl(aq). From the determined osmotic coefficients of the studied mixtures at different molal ratios, it is possible to determine the unknown Pitzer mixing ionic parameters θ(NaK) and ψ(NaKCl) by a graphical procedure.…”

“…In the case of NaCl(aq) and KCl(aq), the required properties were calculated from data obtained previously. (15) Robinson and Stokes (1) have proposed a relation for the vapour pressure of a mixture involving the additivity of the lowerings of vapour pressures of the solutes of the form: (6) …”

“…From measurements of reference droplet diameters D{a w (ref)} above a reference solution and diameters D(a w ) above a given solution, we calculate the ratio of growth K [K = D(a w )/D{a w (rel)}] and determine graphically the water activity using the variation of the ratio K as a function of the water activity of reference NaCl(aq) or LiCl(aq). (14,15) Generally, the reference relative humidity is 0.84 and for a middle dilute solution it is 0.98. Water activity a w of (NaCl + KCl)(aq) against total molality m at different molal ratios r .…”

One-dimensional silicone nanofilaments

“…Especially it is unclear how the activities behave in a thin film of water on a surface. The example of aqueous hydrochloric acid, which is a constituent in the described systems, demonstrates the potential effect of replacing concentrations by activities: At a concentration of 5 mol kg -1 the activity of water dropped to 0.74 [71], whereas the activity coefficient of HCl increased to 2.38 [72].…”

Sit Parameters for 1:2 Electrolytes and Correlation with Pitzer Coefficients

“…Most of these values are taken from Robinson and Stokes 13 and Harned and Howen, 14 but implemented with other more recent data, in particular as concerns magnesium and calcium chlorides, magnesium, calcium and barium nitrate and sulfate salts. [15][16][17][18][19][20] A wide range of salt concentration was considered: for example 0.1 ≤ m ≤ 6 mol kg -1 for calcium salts. Results are reported in TABLES 1-6.…”