Water, 1. Properties, Analysis and Hydrological Cycle

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Water as a Solvent 1.1. Properties of Pure Water 1.1.1. Molecular Properties 1.1.2. Hydrogen Bonding and Water Structure 1.1.3. Bulk Properties of Liquid Water 1.2. Aqueous Solutions 1.2.1. General Solvent Properties 1.2.2. Solutions of Simple Nonpolar Gases 1.2.3. Solutes with Hydrophilic Groups 1.2.4. Electrolyte Solutions 2. Water at High Pressure and Temperature 2.1. Properties of Ice 2.1.1. Thermodynamic Properties 2.1.2. Transport Properties 2.1.3. Electrolytic Properties 2.1.4. Mechanical Properties 2.2. Properties of Fluid Water 2.2.1. Thermodynamic Properties 2.2.2. Transport Properties 2.2.3. Electrolytic Properties 2.2.4. Other Physical Properties 2.3. Properties of Water Vapor 2.4. Water in the Supercritical State 3. Water Analysis 3.1. Sampling and Sample Preservation 3.2. Physicochemical and Sum Parameters 3.3. Inorganic Analysis 3.3.1. Determination of Cations 3.3.2. Anion Analysis 3.3.3. Determination of Dissolved Gases 3.3.4. Quick Test Processes 3.4. Organic Analysis 3.4.1. Spectrometric Methods 3.4.2. Gas and Liquid Chromatography 3.5. Biochemical Methods 4. Hydrological Cycle and Water Use 4.1. World Water Balance 4.2. Hydrological Cycle 4.3. Demand for Water 4.4. Source of Water Used 4.5. Water Treatment 5. Acknowledgement

Thermophysical Studies on Molecular Interactions of Semicarbazide Hydrochloride/Domiphen Bromide in Aqueous Deep Eutectic Solvent Media at Various Temperatures

“…Choline chloride is a crucial constituent of B-vitamin . It is massively employed in animal feed to enhance the nutritional values, , whereas malonic acid is a dibasic acid, used in cosmetics, flavors, and the fragrance industry, found in greater concentrations in fruits generated in organic farming than in naturally grown fruits. It is used to produce vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, and amino acids.…”