Watching corresponding gestures facilitates learning with animations by activating human mirror-neurons: An fNIRS study

Learning verbs more effectively through meaning congruent action animations

“…Overall the results fit well with the idea that representational animations improve learning (e.g., H€ offler & Leutner, 2007;Brucker et al 2015). Furthermore, while that previous research suggests that learning procedural motor knowledge benefits most from using animations; our research extends this to learning verb meanings, at least verb meanings that denote biologically manipulative actions.…”

“…There is some recent support for this possibility. For example, Brucker, Ehlis, H€ außinger, Fallgatter and Gerjets (2015) found that university students could learn patterns of fish movements' best when they watched animations of hands gesturing the correct movements. Similarly, it has been suggested that learning biological or manipulative tasks may be better learned by animations, where learning non-biological or symbolic tasks may be better learned by static pictures (CastroAlonso, Ayres & Paas, 2014).…”

Modelling confounding effects from extracerebral contamination and systemic factors on functional near-infrared spectroscopy

“…In the first and simplest case, there is no haemodynamic change at all, while in the second and third there is an increase in ${\mathrm{HbO}}_2$ but HHb either does not change (scenario 2) or also increases (scenario 3). Historically, some investigators have chosen to use only the ${\mathrm{HbO}}_2$ signal (for recent examples see Balconi et al, 2015, Brucker et al, 2015), and might thus interpret the latter cases as evidence of activation. However, the HHb response is generally acknowledged to have greater specificity and the use of both signals in conjunction is preferred (Tachtsidis and Scholkmann, 2016).…”

Two bridges between biology and learning

“…Flere forskere har satt undervisning og laering i relasjon til speilnevroner (Ayres, Marcus, Chan & Qian, 2009;Brucker, Ehlis, Häußinger, Fallgatter & Gerjets, 2015). Speilnevronene kan endre seg hos voksne mennesker, og utvikler seg med sosial interaksjon (Heyes, 2010).…”

“…Lite er gjort i reelle undervisningssituasjoner, et unntak er Prokop og Fancovicova (2014). Noen har foretatt eksperimenter på elever ) eller yngre studenter (Brucker et al, 2015) for å belyse laereprosesser. Andre, som Gog et al (2009), diskuterer funnene i forhold til undervisning, men har ikke testet de postulerte implikasjonene.…”