Wasting Disease of Zostera in American Waters

Renn, Charles E.

doi:10.1038/134416a0

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Addy's paper (1947a) was prompted by attempts to facilitate the recovery of eelgrass (Zostera marina) after the precipitous decline of the 1930s (Cottam 1934, Renn 1934, Addy and Aylward 1944, ascribed to a slime mold infection (Short et al 1987(Short et al , 1988). Addy, a biologist with the U.S.…”

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confidence: 99%

Addy Revisited: What Has Changed with Seagrass Restoration in 64 Years?

Fonseca¹

2011

Ecological Restoration

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A brief appraisal of the present state of seagrass restoration in the context of the 64-year-old seminal publication by C.E. Addy reveals that early observations were prescient and have remained the basis for our collective attempts to conduct open system seagrass restoration. Our ability to ensure restoration success remains limited. A flawed philosophical framework for choosing restoration, frequently exacerbated by management inexperience and failure to apply known standards for site selection, continues to plague the process. Moreover, seagrass restoration has become an on-demand attempt to overcome hysteresis and shift a habitat from one stable state (unvegetated) to what is arguably a more complex stable state (vegetated) by artificial colonization methods. These methods are frequently overwhelmed by natural processes that ordinarily rely on orders of magnitude more propagules and years of recruitment classes. As a result, the expectations for successful seagrass restoration, like most wild community restoration projects, are often unrealistic and improperly held to an even higher standard than agricultural crops. Limited attention to project monitoring, lack of practical recovery metrics, and, in some cases, limited scientific knowledge of seagrass (e.g., population ecology, genomics, and landscape dynamics) limit our capability to generate quantitative guidance and realistic expectations. Improving the probability of successful restoration depends not so much on overcoming technical transplanting issues, but on avoiding injudicious reliance on restoration to solve higher-level resource management issues. Overall, conservation of seagrass remains a more reasonable alternative than restoration, and Addy is revealed as a keen observer of the field.

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confidence: 99%

Addy Revisited: What Has Changed with Seagrass Restoration in 64 Years?

Fonseca¹

2011

Ecological Restoration

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“…SPIERENBURG (1933) also wrote an early paper on the eelgrass wasting disease, in which she carefully hypothesized that bacteria might be responsible for the disease. The Labyrinthula hypothesis was postulated a couple of years later by RENN (1934RENN ( , 1935RENN ( , 1936. Spierenburg doubted the existence of the 'numerous colourless spindle-shaped organisms, which moved in a very slow amoeboid manner' ( VAN OER WERFF, 1938) Van der Werff of 24 September 1936 she says: 'In my research of the sick eelgrass, I am continuously looking for your so called 'spindles', but they remain rather vague to me.…”

Section: The Eelgrass Wasting Disease In the Early Thirtiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The American literature gives more evidence for the Labyrinthula-hypothesis. It was RENN (1934RENN ( , 1935RENN ( , 1936RENN ( , 1937 …”

Section: Recent Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of the eelgrass wasting disease: Van der Werff's changing theories

Nienhuis

1994

Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology

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“…The organism is an obligate parasite; like so many similar organisms, it cannot be grown alone on artificial media (Renn, 1935). The organism is an obligate parasite; like so many similar organisms, it cannot be grown alone on artificial media (Renn, 1935).…”

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The Destruction of Xylem by a Plasmodial Parasite in Seedlings of Pisum Sativum

Sorokin

1964

American J of Botany

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The seedlings of Pisum sativum var. ‘Alaska’ grown either in complete darkness or in partial red light are often afflicted by a plasmodial parasite, which either partially or completely destroys the tracheids. The vegetative stage of the organism consists of small cells connected with each other by hyaline filaments. These cells are seen inside the tracheids, where they presumably hydrolyze cellulose to separate the lignified helical wall thickenings from the cell wall. The spirals are then incorporated into a plasmodium. The plasmodia are found both inside and outside the plant tissue. The younger portions of the seedlings often contain large plasmodia with engulfed helical wall thickenings, which are gradually dissolved, presumably by means of a peetinolytic enzyme, at the time of sporulation. The spores (4–5μ) are borne in small numbers, ca. 10–16 per well‐defined oval or elongate sporangium. The pitted vessels are not destroyed by the organism. Pea seedlings can be badly infected without showing externally visible pathology. Unless the xylem is destroyed and the plant tissues are filled with plasmodia, recovery from the infection is possible. Pisum sativum, a homozygous variety ‘L’ grown aseptically in light on an agar medium, also contained all the stages in the development of this organism.

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Wasting Disease of Zostera in American Waters

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

Addy Revisited: What Has Changed with Seagrass Restoration in 64 Years?

Addy Revisited: What Has Changed with Seagrass Restoration in 64 Years?

Causes of the eelgrass wasting disease: Van der Werff's changing theories

The Destruction of Xylem by a Plasmodial Parasite in Seedlings of Pisum Sativum

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