Wasting Disease, Chronic Immune Activation, and Inflammation in the HIV-Infected Patient

Wasserman, Peter; Segal‐Maurer, Sorana; Wehbeh, Wehbeh; Rubin, David

doi:10.1097/tin.0b013e318209e3a0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In fact, these articles question diagnostic terminology for malnutrition and practice paradigms that essentially are confusing and (often) unfounded given our current knowledge of inflammatory metabolism. 8 7 The interface between inflammation and nutritional status has been reviewed elsewhere 1-3 but merits reiteration for the purpose of setting the stage for the articles in this issue of Topics in Clinical Nutrition that discuss this interface in 3 specific disease or condition states.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and Malnutrition

Mueller¹

2011

Topics in Clinical Nutrition

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Normal injury and disease-related human physiology and metabolism are integral to inflammation. However, disease-and trauma-induced inflammatory changes can affect normal fasting and postprandial metabolism, and somatic substrate mobilization independent of nutrient intake. Subtle inflammation associated with chronic conditions also affects long-term health outcomes. An international panel of experts arrived at a consensus for new definitions of malnutrition to accommodate the phenomenon of inflammation. This article provides an overview of the interface between inflammatory status and nutritional status, the proposed new definitions, and the implications the definitions have for clinical nutrition practice.

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confidence: 99%

Inflammation and Malnutrition

Mueller¹

2011

Topics in Clinical Nutrition

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“…Changes in the distribution of certain infectious diseases due to climate change-particularly malaria and diarrheal diseases-will also increase the vulnerability of certain populations to acquisition of HIV and decrease health outcomes for those already living with the virus [24,25]. Specifically, those with untreated HIV are more likely to have serious outcomes from secondary infections and are more likely to spread the virus due to increases in HIV viral load from immune activation [26,27].…”

Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergistic Relationship Between Climate Change and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic: A Conceptual Framework

et al. 2021

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Climate change and HIV/AIDS represent two of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century. However, limitations in understanding the complex relationship between these syndemics continue to constrain advancements in the prevention and management of HIV/AIDS in the context of a rapidly changing climate. Here, we present a conceptual framework that identifies four pathways linking climate change with HIV/AIDS transmission and health outcomes: increased food insecurity, increased prevalence of other infectious diseases, increased human migration, and erosion of public health infrastructure. This framework is based on an in-depth literature review in PubMed and Google Scholar from June 6 to June 27, 2019. The pathways linking climate change with HIV transmission and health outcomes are complex with multiple interacting factors. Food insecurity emerged as a particularly important mediator by driving sexual risk-taking behaviours and migration, as well as by increasing susceptibility to infections that are common among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Future interventions should focus on decreasing carbon dioxide emissions globally and increasing education and investment in adaptation strategies, particularly in those areas of sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia heavily impacted by both HIV and climate change.Environmentally sustainable interventions such as urban gardening and investing in sustainable agriculture technologies also have significant health co-benefits that may help PLWHIV adapt to the environmental consequences of climate change.

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“…Заражение микобактериями (Mycobacterium avium complex) приводит к обширной инфильтрации макрофагами в собственной пластинке слизистой оболочки и лимфатических сосудах, что ведет к обструкции. В попытке снижения частоты актов дефекации пациенты могут отказаться от приема пищи, что и приводит к отклонению статуса питания [16]. Первичный гипогонадизм (недостаточность яичек) и вторичный гипогонадизм (недостаточность гипоталамуса и/или гипофиза) у ВИЧ-инфицированных мужчин встречаются чаше [17,18], чем у мужчин в общей популяции.…”

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