Wastewater Treatment Plants as Chemical Observatories to Forecast Ecological and Human Health Risks of Manmade Chemicals

Venkatesan, Arjun K.; Halden, Rolf U.

doi:10.1038/srep03731

Cited by 101 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In that study, SS samples were collected from 74 POTWs that employ secondary treatment or better in 2006/2007 [35]. Several pollutants have been analyzed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 5 in these samples and the results have been published [29,[36][37][38][39]. However, no earlier study has reported the occurrence of bisphenols in SS from nationally representative samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Occurrence and estrogenic potency of eight bisphenol analogs in sewage sludge from the U.S. EPA targeted national sewage sludge survey

Xue

Yao

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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185

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Occurrence and estrogenic potency of eight bisphenol analogs in sewage sludge from the U.S. EPA targeted national sewage sludge survey

Xue

Yao

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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185

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“…(18) Moreover, retention times in anaerobic digesters are not long enough for significant biological transformation of TCC, yet the retention times are much longer than other unit operations providing bacteria a longer exposure time to adapt to TCC. (4,19,20) The objective of this research was to determine if TCC impacts the abundance of ARGs as well as the microbial community structure and function in anaerobic digesters. Lab-scale anaerobic digesters were operated for 110 days with concentrations ranging from the background TCC levels found in the seed biosolids to inhibitory TCC concentrations that were twice the maximum concentration reported in the nationwide biosolids survey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclocarban Influences Antibiotic Resistance and Alters Anaerobic Digester Microbial Community Structure

Carey

Zitomer

Hristova

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Triclocarban (TCC) is one of the most abundant organic micropollutants detected in biosolids. Lab-scale anaerobic digesters were amended with TCC at concentrations ranging from the background concentration of seed biosolids (30 mg/kg) to toxic concentrations of 850 mg/kg to determine the effect on methane production, relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, and microbial community structure. Additionally, the TCC addition rate was varied to determine the impacts of acclimation time. At environmentally relevant TCC concentrations (max detect = 440 mg/kg), digesters maintained function. Digesters receiving 450 mg/kg of TCC maintained function under gradual TCC addition, but volatile fatty acid concentrations increased, pH decreased, and methane production ceased when immediately fed this concentration. The concentrations of the mexB gene (encoding for a multidrug efflux pump) were higher with all concentrations of TCC compared to a control, but higher TCC concentrations did not correlate with increased mexB abundance. The relative abundance of the gene tet(L) was greater in the digesters that no longer produced methane, and no effect on the relative abundance of the class 1 integron integrase encoding gene (intI1) was observed. Illumina sequencing revealed substantial community shifts in digesters that functionally failed from increased levels of TCC. More subtle, yet significant, community shifts were observed in digesters amended with TCC levels that did not inhibit function. This research demonstrates that TCC can select for a multidrug resistance encoding gene in mixed community anaerobic environments, and this selection occurs at concentrations (30 mg/kg) that can be found in full-scale anaerobic digesters (U.S. median concentration = 22 mg/kg, mean = 39 mg/kg).

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“…PhACs in STP influents and, hence, effluents originate from a number of human sources including among others: the natural production and excretion of the PhAC (6); the release of the PhAC from facilities where it is manufactured (7); its clinical use within the community (8,9) and within hospitals (10); the disposal of the PhAC into landfills and its resulting presence in landfill leachates (11); the illicit use of the PhAC (12,13); and the clinical and/or illicit use of other drugs/ chemicals that are metabolized to the PhAC upon consumption by humans (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Relevance of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Drinking Water

Khan

Nicell

2015

AAPS J

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In Canada, as many as 20 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have been detected in samples of treated drinking water. The presence of these PhACs in drinking water raises important questions as to the human health risk posed by their potential appearance in drinking water supplies and the extent to which they indicate that other PhACs are present but have not been detected using current analytical methods. Therefore, the goal of the current investigation was to conduct a screening-level assessment of the human health risks posed by the aquatic release of an evaluation set of 335 selected PhACs. Predicted and measured concentrations were used to estimate the exposure of Canadians to each PhAC in the evaluation set. Risk evaluations based on measurements could only be performed for 17 PhACs and, of these, all were found to pose a negligible risk to human health when considered individually. The same approach to risk evaluation, but based on predicted rather than measured environmental concentrations, suggested that 322 PhACs of the evaluation set, when considered individually, are expected to pose a negligible risk to human health due to their potential presence in drinking waters. However, the following 14 PhACs should be prioritized for further study: triiodothyronine, thyroxine, ramipril and its metabolite ramiprilat, candesartan, lisinopril, atorvastatin, lorazepam, fentanyl, atenolol, metformin, enalaprilat, morphine, and irbesartan. Finally, the currently available monitoring data for PhACs in Canadian surface and drinking waters was found to be lacking, irrespective of whether their suitability was assessed based on risk posed, predicted exposure concentrations, or potency.

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Wastewater Treatment Plants as Chemical Observatories to Forecast Ecological and Human Health Risks of Manmade Chemicals

Cited by 101 publications

References 44 publications

Occurrence and estrogenic potency of eight bisphenol analogs in sewage sludge from the U.S. EPA targeted national sewage sludge survey

Occurrence and estrogenic potency of eight bisphenol analogs in sewage sludge from the U.S. EPA targeted national sewage sludge survey

Triclocarban Influences Antibiotic Resistance and Alters Anaerobic Digester Microbial Community Structure

Human Health Relevance of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Drinking Water

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