Wastewater surveillance for rapid identification of infectious diseases in prisons

Hassard, Francis; Smith, Theodore R; Boehm, Alexandria B.; Nolan, Shannon; O’Mara, Oscar; Cesare, Mariachiara Di; Graham, David W.

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00154-9

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Cases reported to routine surveillance, as captured in our town-level data, are affected by testing patterns and unless identified by screening, underestimate asymptomatic cases. Towns and correctional facilities have dynamic interactions in that staff and visitors frequently live in neighboring towns, and residents are released to towns (Montoya-Barthelemy et al, 2020;Hassard et al, 2022); however, this study found stronger correlations between wastewater surveillance at the correctional facilities and resident cases compared to town-level surveillance and resident cases.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 is most efficiently transmitted in crowded, indoor spaces and the combination of environmental, resource, and organizational factors existent in corrections that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 transmission. At the same time, clinical testing of staff and residents to identify infections early and prevent transmission is challenging in correctional facilities (Hawks et al, 2020;Montoya-Barthelemy et al, 2020;Hassard et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Massachusetts correctional facilities, 2020–2022

Klevens

Young²,

Olesen³

et al. 2023

Front. Water

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IntroductionCorrectional facilities have environmental, resource, and organizational factors that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and challenge clinical testing of staff and residents. In Massachusetts, multiple state prisons implemented wastewater surveillance for strategic testing of individuals and isolation of COVID-19 cases early in the course of infection, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Our objective was to quantify the correlation of COVID-19 cases with facility-level wastewater surveillance compared to standard case surveillance in towns in closest geographic proximity to participating correctional facilities.Materials and methodsAvailable data included number of reported COVID-19 cases in residents from each of eight participating facilities (labeled A-H for anonymity), wastewater viral concentrations at each facility, and COVID-19 cases reported to routine surveillance in towns geographically nearest each facility. We selected data from December 2020-February 2022. Spearman's rank correlation was calculated at each facility to assess agreement between town cases and facility resident cases, and between wastewater concentrations and facility resident cases. We considered a correlation of ≤0.3 as weak and ≥0.6 as strong.ResultsFacilities housed a mean of 502 individuals (range 54–1,184) with mean staffing of 341 (range 53–547). In 7/8 facilities, the town/resident cases correlation coefficients (ρ) were statistically significant (range 0.22–0.65); in all facilities, the wastewater/facility resident cases correlations were statistically significant (range 0.57–0.82). Consistently, ρ values were higher for facility-specific wastewater/resident cases than for town/resident cases: A (0.65, 0.80), B (0.59, 0.81), C (0.55, 0.70), D (0.61, 0.82), E (0.46, 0.62), F (0.51, 0.70), and H (0.22, 0.57).ConclusionWe conclude that wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 can provide an additional signal to objectively supplement existing COVID-19 clinical surveillance for the early detection of cases and infection control efforts at correctional facilities.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Massachusetts correctional facilities, 2020–2022

Klevens

Young²,

Olesen³

et al. 2023

Front. Water

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“…Some research has also been done on the use of WBE in subcatchment levels, such as for university campuses, prisons, high-rise buildings, aircrafts, and cruise ships [ 47 , 48∗ , 49 , 50 ]. However, the purpose of such applications and the implications to the WBE methodology can vary a lot from the conventional WBE application within large catchments, that is, wastewater sampling from the inlet of wastewater treatment plants.…”

Section: Beyond Covid-19: Maximize Wbe Benefits In Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving forward with COVID-19: Future research prospects of wastewater-based epidemiology methodologies and applications

Jiang

Liu

Tang

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

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“…Therefore, NSS is sensitive for identifying acutely occurring incident cases in tightly defined populations, that is persons with similar ranges of disease susceptibility. For example, NSS has been applied in high-risk congregate environments stratified socially (age, sex, religion, health or social determinants), including schools [34], prisons [35], athlete accommodation [36], immigration/quarantine/isolation facilities [37], hospitals [38 ▪▪ ,39–43] and assisted living facilities [44]. The focus of the remainder of this review will be on application of WBS for monitoring novel and re-emerging infectious disease threats in hospitals and assisted living facilities (care homes) as congregate settings of high transmission potential with extremely susceptible populations.…”

Section: Near-source Wastewater-based Surveillance For Infectious Dis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). As patients represent a vulnerable and nonanonymous population, consent is often a prerequisite and a strict ethical code is required for research with approval from an ethical review board [35] and their appropriate clinical care team. Providing patients' data are protected and anonymised (where possible) during WBS studies and compliance achieved to the local data protection rules, then correlations between wastewater and patient data should yield practical insights to protect patient health not available to studies in community.…”

Section: New Insights From Hospital Healthcare Facility and Healthcar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater-based epidemiology for surveillance of infectious diseases in healthcare settings

Hassard

Fernández

Castro-Gutiérrez

2023

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) (epidemiology) using near-source sampling (NSS) in large buildings, hospitals and care homes is reviewed covering three main areas: state-of-the-art WBS, benefits/opportunities NSS has for hospital infection control systems and new insights from hospital wastewater surveillance and policy implications. Recent findings Wastewater provides aggregate, anonymous sources of data where the spatial resolution can be linked to populations being served. In hospitals, clear links established between wastewater RNA-fragments signal to nosocomial COVID-19 cases/outbreaks. Detecting other targets from hospital wastewater such as antimicrobial resistance markers is considered a substantial opportunity for this technology. Other clinically relevant infections, that is influenza and monkeypox, can be perceived, and sub-variant resolution to target public health response in near real time to benefit hospital infection control. WBS can reduce hospitals’ clinical testing requirements, as diagnostic costs are aggregated into fewer samples while still detecting single cases. Summary WBS using NSS can inform infectious disease monitoring earlier, faster and cheaper than conventional monitoring. Routine sampling using wastewater provides a platform for risk-based sampling and enables smarter allocation of resources. Finally, hospital wastewater can be used for the benefit of the wastewater surveillance field as a promising source to monitor emerging threats and resolve longstanding questions on faecal shedding. Hospital monitoring in low-income settings is considered a priority for future research.

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Wastewater surveillance for rapid identification of infectious diseases in prisons

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Massachusetts correctional facilities, 2020–2022

Evaluation of wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Massachusetts correctional facilities, 2020–2022

Moving forward with COVID-19: Future research prospects of wastewater-based epidemiology methodologies and applications

Wastewater-based epidemiology for surveillance of infectious diseases in healthcare settings

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